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Computer Inventions
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DIFFERENCE ENGINE
Difference engine was an early life calculating machine and was known to be the first computer in history. It was able to compute tables of numbers -
THE TABULATING MACHINE
The tabulating machine was designed to assist in summarizing information and later, accounting. It was an electrical device that rapidly sorted and analysed information recorded on punched cards -
Z1 COMPUTER
Z1 computer was a binary electrically driven mechanical calculator with limited programmability, reading instructions from punched tape. -
the first bombe
Built as an electromechanical mechanical means of decrypting Nazi ENIGMA-based military communications during World War II, the British Bombe is conceived of by computer pioneer Alan Turing and Harold Keen of the British Tabulating Machine Company. Hundreds of bombes were built, their purpose to ascertain the daily rotor start positions of Enigma cipher machines, which in turn allowed the Allies to decrypt German messages. -
The Zuse Z3 Computer
The Z3, an early computer built by German engineer Konrad Zuse working in complete isolation from developments elsewhere, uses 2,300 relays, performs floating point binary arithmetic, and has a 22-bit word length. The Z3 was used for aerodynamic calculations but was destroyed in a bombing raid on Berlin in late 1943. Zuse later supervised a reconstruction of the Z3 in the 1960s, which is currently on display at the Deutsches Museum in Munich. -
ATANSOFF BERRY COMPUTER (ABC)
The Atanasoff –Berry computer was the first electronic computer. ABC was the first the first to use capitors. It was designed and built by John Vincent Atanasoff and his assistant, Clifford E. Berry -
COLOSSUS MACHINE
Colossus was the world’s first electronic computer. It was able to read in paper tape at 5000 characters per second. The Colossus did not need two paper tapes because the output from the χ wheels was generated entirely electronically. Thus, the only tape needed as input was the encrypted message. -
ENIAC(Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)
ENIAC was the first operational electric digital computer in the U.S, it was Turing complete, digital and capable of being reprogramed to solve a large group of numerical problems/equations. -
TRANSISTOR
The Transistor are switches that can be triggered by electric signals. A transistor enables or disables the flow of electricity. Early transistors were chemically unstable and only suitable for low-power but as transistors developed the problems were slowly overcome. -
SSEM- Manchester baby
University of Manchester researchers Frederic Williams, Tom Kilburn, and Geoff Toothill develop the Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), better known as the Manchester Baby. The Baby was built to test a new memory technology developed by Williams and Kilburn -- soon known as the Williams Tube – which was the first electronic random access memory for a computer. The first program, consisting of seventeen instructions and written by Kilburn, ran on June 21st, 1948. This was the first program t -
Maddida
MADDIDA is a digital drum-based differential analyzer. This type of computer is useful in performing many of the mathematical equations scientists and engineers encounter in their work. It was originally created for a nuclear missile design project in 1949 by a team led by Fred Steele. It used 53 vacuum tubes and hundreds of germanium diodes, with a magnetic drum for memory. -
Stretch
IBM´s 7000 series mainframes are the company´s first transistorized computers. At the top of the line sat the 7030, also known as the "Stretch." Nine of the computers, which featured dozens of advanced design innovations later re-discovered by later generations of computer designers were sold, mainly to national laboratories and major scientific users. The knowledge and technologies developed for the Stretch project played a major role in the design of the later IBM System/360. -
NEAC 2203 transistorized computer
An early transistorized computer, the NEAC (Nippon Electric Automatic Computer) includes a CPU, console, paper tape reader and punch, printer and magnetic tape units. It was sold exclusively in Japan, but could process alphabetic and Japanese kana characters. Only about thirty NEACs were sold. It managed Japan's first on-line, real-time reservation system for Kinki Nippon Railways in 1960. The last one was decommissioned in 1979 -
DSKY interface for the Apollo Guidance Computer
esigned by scientists and engineers at MIT’s Instrumentation Laboratory, the Apollo Guidance Computer (AGC) is the culmination of years of work to reduce the size of the Apollo spacecraft computer from the size of seven refrigerators side-by-side to a compact unit weighing only 70 lbs. and taking up a volume of less than 1 cubic foot. The AGC’s first flight was on Apollo 7. A year later, it steered Apollo 11 to the lunar surface. Astronauts communicated with the computer by punching two-digit co -
First Colossus
Designed by British engineer Tommy Flowers, the Colossus is designed to break the complex Lorenz ciphers used by the Nazis during World War II. A total of ten Colossi were delivered, each using as many as 2,500 vacuum tubes. A series of pulleys transported continuous rolls of punched paper tape containing possible solutions to a particular code. Colossus reduced the time to break Lorenz messages from weeks to hours. Most historians believe that the use of Colossus machines significantly shortene -
Minuteman Guidance Computer
Minuteman missiles use transistorized computers to continuously calculate their position in flight. The computer had to be rugged and fast, with advanced circuit design and reliable packaging able to withstand the forces of a missile launch. The military’s high standards for its transistors pushed manufacturers to improve quality control. -
Dover laser printer
Xerox PARC physicist Gary Starkweather realizes in 1967 that exposing a copy machine’s light-sensitive drum to a paper original isn’t the only way to create an image. A computer could “write” it with a laser instead -
Xerox Alto
The Alto is a groundbreaking computer with wide influence on the computer industry. It was based on a graphical user interface using windows, icons, and a mouse, and worked together with other Altos over a local area network. It could also share files and print out documents on an advanced Xerox laser printer. -
Scelbi advertises its 8H computer
The first commercially advertised US computer based on a microprocessor (the Intel 8008,) the Scelbi has 4 KB of internal memory and a cassette tape interface, -
World Wide Web (www)
Sir Tim Berners-Lee invented the world wide wibe(www). The world wide wibe foundation was established in 2009. The world wide web is system of interent servers that support specially formated documents. The world wide web is an open source information space where documents and web sources are idenftified by URLs..orld wide web is the primary tol billions of people use.
