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El grito de la independencia
July 20: The first call for independence in Colombia, known as the "Cry of Independence" (El Grito de Independencia), takes place in Bogotá. -
1811
The city of Cartagena declares its independence from Spanish rule. -
1813
The United Provinces of New Granada is officially established, marking a significant step toward independence. -
1816
Spanish forces regain control over the region, temporarily suppressing the independence movement. -
Battle of Boyaca
Simón Bolívar's victory in the Battle of Boyacá marks a turning point in the struggle for independence. -
Period: to
The congress of Angostura
The Congress of Angostura convenes and adopts a constitution, creating the Republic of Gran Colombia.
1821: -
The Captaincy General of Venezuela
The Captaincy General of Venezuela is liberated from Spanish rule. -
The Battle of Carabobo in Venezuela
The Battle of Carabobo in Venezuela secures a decisive victory for the independence forces led by Bolívar. -
The Battle of Pichincha in Ecuador
The Battle of Pichincha in Ecuador helps to secure independence for the entire region. -
The Battle of Ayacucho in Peru
The Battle of Ayacucho in Peru marks the final major battle in the wars of independence, leading to Spanish recognition of the independence of Gran Colombia and other South American nations. -
Gran Colombia dissolves
Gran Colombia dissolves, and Colombia becomes an independent nation.