Civil Rights

13th Amendment

Dec 6, 1865

This amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.

14th Amendment

Jul 9, 1868

This amendment granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States, including formerly enslaved people.

15th Amendment

Feb 3, 1870

This amendment granted the right to vote to all men regardless of ethnicity or prior slave status.

Plessy v. Ferguson

1896

This case ruled that segregation laws didn't violate the Constitution, and upheld the "equal, but separate" doctrine.

19th Amendment

Aug 18, 1920

This amendment prohibited denying the right to vote based on sex, so basically giving women the right to vote.

Progression of Indian Rights

Period: Jun 2, 1924 to 1965

Native Americans were granted citizenship in 1924, but had to fight for voting rights and protections and rights were added by the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Brown v. Topeka Board of Education

1954

This case ruled that segregating children in public schools based on race was unconstitutional.

Civil Rights Act of 1957

1957

This act established the Civil Rights section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote.

Civil Rights Act of 1960

1960

This act helped strengthen the Civil Rights Act of 1957.

Bailey v. Patterson

1962

This case prohibited racial segregation of interstate and intrastate transportation facilities.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

1964

This act prohibited discrimination based on race, color, national origin, etc. in public accommodations, public education, and federally assisted programs.

24th Amendment

Jan 23, 1964

This amendment forbid imposing taxes on voters.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

1965

This act outlawed discriminatory voting practices.

Loving v. Virginia

1967

This case determined that prohibiting interracial marriage was unconstitutional.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

1968

This act prohibited discrimination concerning the sale, rental, and financing of housing based on race, color, national origin, race, or sex.

Jones v. Mayer Co.

1968

This case determined that federal law bars all racial discrimination in the sale or rental of property.

Voting Rights Act of 1970

1970

This act extended expiring provisions from the Voting Rights Act of 1965.

Griggs v. Duke Power Co.

1971

This case determined that certain education requirements and intelligence tests used as conditions of employment acted to exclude African American job applicants, did not relate to job performance, and were prohibited.

26th Amendment

Jul 1, 1971

This amendment established the voting age to be 18 years old.

Voting Rights Act of 1975

1975

This act expanded expiring provisions and added language-minority provisions.

Voting Rights Act of 1982

1982

This act extended expiring provisions and clarified Congressional intent.