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Nov 9, 604
Sui Yangdi (Emperor Yang of Sui)
Click Here to Learn More-Yangdi was born in 589 and died in April 11, 618
-He is the second son of Emperor Wen, and is the last emperor of the Sui Dynasty
-His ruled from 604 to 618 -During his time, he finished the construction of the Grand Canal, which help North & South China to increase trade -
Nov 11, 605
Grand Canal (Economic)
Click Here to Learn More-The constructiion of was made from 605-610 C.E.
-Emperor Sui Yang issued the construction during his reign and completed the project
-The Grand Canal helped increase trade between North and South China -
Nov 11, 606
Imperial Examination (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-Examination to bring well educated people to work for the government to maintain a centralized governement
-Anyone can take the examination, so birth and class did not provide any advantages -
Nov 11, 621
Standardization of Coinage (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More-Coin was standardized to faccilitate trade
-Tang Dynasty standaridized 3 different coins; the Kai Yuan Tong Bao, the Qian Feng Quan Bao, & the Qian Yuan Zhong Bao
-Kai Yuan Tong Bao was the main coin that was used for nearly 300 years -
Nov 11, 624
Tang Code (Political)
Click Here to Learn More-It brought order into the unified Tang Dyansty, and served as the codified law
-It merged legalist and confucian ideas of law
-It was created in 624 C.E., modified in 627 C.E. and 637 C.E. -
Nov 11, 626
Equal Field System (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More-During teh Tang Dynasty (618-907), they used the equal field system
-It is when the government collects all of the land and then redistributes it evenly among the population
-The system was used to reduced the gap between the rich and poor (since everyone has even amount of land) and also to make used of all the lands (efficiently) -
Nov 11, 626
Imperial Examination (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-Examinations that people take to try to obtain role in governement
-They were used to maintain the centralized governemtn
-People that passed the test with higher scores had a promising future of becoming a court official -
Nov 11, 626
Transportation & Communication (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More-Tang rulers extended and maintain raods that faccilitated trade within the country
-The Silk Road also prospered the Tang Dynasty; international trade was established as camels carried goods (silk,porcelain) to India, Anatolia, Rome (the Mediterranean Sea) -
Nov 11, 626
Emperor Taizong of the Tang Dynasty
Click Here to Learn More-He is born 599 and died in 649 C.E.
-He ruled from 626 to 649
-He issued campaigns against Goguryeo
-He never raised the price of rice
-He taxed peasants only 1/4 of their annual harvest
-maintain roads
-Used the equal-field system
-Relied on bureaucracy (imperial Examinations) -
Nov 11, 645
Goguryeo-Tang War (Political)
Click Here to Learn More-It was a series of wars fought between Tang Dynasty and the Goguryeo Kingdom from 645 C.E. to 668 C.E.
-Until The Tang-Silla Allaince that brought down the Goguryeo Kingdom, all the other campaigns didn't have many successes -
Nov 11, 1004
The Shanyuan Treaty (Political)
Click Here to Learn More- Liao & Song had been fighting against each other competing for land
-But after years of war, the two sides worked out for a peace treaty
-After this both sides' government stabilzed -
Nov 11, 1041
Moveable-type Printing (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More--it was invented between 1041 and 1048 C.E.
- It was invented by Bi Sheng
- It helped increase the speed of forming a book, keep records
- It was used in trade -
Nov 11, 1101
Standardization of Coinage (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More-In Northen Song Dynasty they used the Chong Ning Zhong Bao which was used in 1102-1106 C.E. in the reign of the Hui Zhong
-In Southern Song Dynasty they used the Shao Zing Yuan Bao which was used in 1131-1162 C.E. in the reign of Gao Zong
-Standaridization of coinage helped increase trade within the country -
Nov 11, 1126
Emperor Qinzong of Song
Click Here to Learn More-He is born in 1100 and died in 1161 C.E.
-His reign is from 1126 - 1127 C.E.
-He is the ninth emperor of the Song Dynasty
-He made a poor decision to remove Li Gang from fighting against the Jurchens in search for peace
-The Jurchens did not wanted peace, invaded Song Empire and ended the Northern Song Dynasty -
Nov 11, 1130
Foot Binding (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-it was widely followed during the Song Dynasty
-Cloth was used to tightly wrapped girls' feet to prevent it from growing; and resulted in tiny & curved feet
-By doing so, husband/male guardians had tight supervision of women -
Coinage (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More-During the Sui Dynasty coinage was standardized
-The coins they used during this time was called "Sui Wu Zhu"
-Because of the failed military campaigns near the end of the Sui Dynasaty, iron paper and leather were also being used as money and caused the deterioation of the coinage -
Equal-Field System (Economic)
Click Here to Learn More-The government collected all the lands and redistributed to the people
-Everyone were given a piece of land (rich, poor, slave)
-Agriculture productivity increased
-The system was issued to reduce gap between rich and poor, also to use all the lands efficiently -
Social Classes (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-The dynasty was ruled by kingship - emperor Yang Jian & Emperor Sui Yangdi
-Beaucrats were among the elite class, since the governent needed them to established and maintain a centralized government
-Because there were big gaps between the rich and poor, the government used the equal-field system to redistributed the lands fairly -
Kaihuang Code (Political)
Click Here to Learn More-Are the standardized laws created by Emperor Wen of Sui
-It holds the the legal actions of the five punishment, eight deliberations and ten abominations
-Violation of the codes include death, exile, imprisonment, severe beatings
-The Kaihuang Code held established order during the Sui Dynasty -
Foreign Relations
Click Here to Learn More-During the Sui Dynasty, managed to conquer the Turkic people in the North
-In 596, to improve relationships with the Tuguhun group by arranging marraige of Princess Guanghua to Tuguhun Khan
-In 608 Emperor Yangdi led attacks that resulted in the deafeat of the Tuguhun -
Three Departments and Six Ministries (Political)
Click Here to Learn MoreIt was the central administrative system which was developed during the Tang Dynasties
-The three departments are secretariat (in charge of all imperial decree), the chancellery (give advice to the secretariat and the emperor), and the Department of State affair (controls the six ministeries)
-The 6 ministries are :
->Ministry of Personnel
->Ministry of Revenue
->Ministry of Rites
->Ministry of Defense
->Ministry of Justice
->Ministry of Works -
Religion (Social)
Click Here to Learn More
-Buddhism emerged as the dominant religon during the Tang Dyansty
-Chinese believe there was such thing as afterlife, and held funeral practices such as placing the valuables with the dead -
Emperor Gaozu of Tang
Click Here to Learn More-He was born in 566 and died in June 25, 635 C.E.
-He is the founder of the Tang Dynasty
-He competed against other rulers to unified China -
Empress Wu Zhao
Click Here to Learn More-She was born in 625 C.E. and died in 705 C.E.
-Her reign was from 690 to 705 C.E.
-She was the first femal empress
-She strengthen the civil service system, patronized buddhist, organized secret police, put down rebellions, and opened imperial administrations -
Imperial Examination (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-Like the previous imperial examinations, during the Song Dynasty the imperial examination was uesed to create beaucrats that would help maintain the centralized government
-There are 3 levels in this examination which includes prefectural, provincial and final imperial examination
-The scores on these 3 exams then determine if the individual will be granted official position -
Family Custtoms (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-follwed Confucius teaching - moral discipline, social order (ancestors)
-descendents pay respect to their earliet traceable forfathers and perform rituals
-Though the idea of the first born male to inherit the family's weath was no longer practiced -
Maritime Trade (Economical)
Click Here to Learn More-During Song Dynasty; traded with Korea, Japan, also with countries in the South and Southwest
-Song government sent missionaries to foreign countries to encourage them to trade with them
-During the Song Dynasty their ships were larger than other countries that are competing against them for trade -
Beaucracy (Political)
-People were to take the imperial examination to see if they can be a beaucrat (official) which help stabilize the centralized government
-Social behavior and philosophy works were all studied by beaucrats
-Beaucrats helped established laws and maintain unity of the government/society
Click Here to Learn More -
Foreign Relations
Click Here to Learn More-Kitan Empire guarded the North, which Song Dynasty failed to capture
-Tibet also succeeded to defending themselves against Song troops
-Vietnam, Korea and Mongolia was beyond Song's power to conquer
-Song later had to pay tribute to Kitan Empire to stop they from robbing in Song Empire
-They also had conflict with the LIao Empire which was resolved with a peace treaty -
Emperor Taizu of the Song Dynasty
Click Here to Learn More-He was born in 927 and diedin 976 C.E.
-His reign is from 960 - 976 C.E.
-He was the founder of the Song Dynasty
-in 960, he launched a military campaign at Chenqiao and established the Song Dynasty
-He strengthen government centralizatoin, state affairs, and held imperial examination for beaucrats -
Emperor Zhenzong of Song
Click Here to Learn More-He is born in 968 and died in 1022 C.E.
-His reign is from 997 - 1022 C.E.
-he was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty
-Had series of wars against the Liao Dynasty, which resulted with a peace treaty
-Song Dyanasty had to pay tribute to Khitan of 100000 ounces of silver and over 200000 bolts of silk -
Goguryeo-Sui Wars (Political)
Click Here to Learn More-From between 598 C.E. and 614 C.E. the Sui Dynasty had issued military campagins to obtain Goguryeo, Korea.
-The Sui Dynasty had issued a total of four campaigns which all failed to conquer Goguryeo
-The Goguryeo-Sui wars led to the downfall of Sui Dynasty as rebellions broke out during late 610s -
Yang Jian (Emperor Wen of Sui)
Click Here to Learn More-Yang Jian the founder of the Sui Dynasty was born in July 21, 541 and died in August 13, 604 at the age of 63
-He ruled from 581-604
-He issued tight political discipline during his rule which built a strong centralized government,
-He carried out projects on the construction of graneries, palaces and defensive walls (repair), and sent military forces to Central Asia & Korea
-He levied high taxes, and demanded labor services to the state to be compulsory -
Three Departments & Six Ministries (Political)
Click Here to Learn More-It was the central administrative system which was used during the Sui Dynasty
-The three departments are secretariat (in charge of all imperial decree), the chancellery (give advice to the secretariat and the emperor), and the Department of State affair (controls the six ministeries)
-The 6 ministries are :
->Ministry of Personnel
->Ministry of Revenue
->Ministry of Rites
->Ministry of Defense
->Ministry of Justice
->Ministry of Works -
Women in Society (Social)
Click Here to Learn More-During the Tang Dynasty which runs a patriachal society the women had roles such as taking care of the household, and raising the kids
-Though the can pursue higher status in society by being a Daoist priestesses
-High-Class Courtesans also hold high roles and were widely respected -
Period: to
The Sui Dynasty
Click Here to Learn More-During the Sui Dynasty (589-618) various establishment were made which includes the completion of the Grand Canal, standardization of coinage, establishment of the three departments and six ministries, the codified laws, adapting the equal-field system, holding the imperial examinations. These reforms came about under teh rule of the Emperor Wen of Sui and the Emperor Yang of Sui. -
Period: to Nov 9, 1279
Song Dynasty
Click Here to Learn MoreSong Dynasty was split into Northen Song Dynasty which ruled from 960-1127 C.E. and Southern Song Dynasty which ruled from 1127-1279 C.E. The empire held imperial examination which results in beaucrats that helped maintain the centralized government. Women were seen subordinate to men (patriachal society) and had to folow customs sucha s foot binding. Standardized coins, maritime trade, moveable-type printing helped the empire economically. -
Period: to
Tang Dynasty
Click Here to Learn MoreThe founder of the Tang Dynasty Gaozu and many emperor the follows after (Tang Taizong, Empress Wu) helped established many accomplishment to the Tang Dynasty. The issued teh equal field system, standaridezed coins, and maintain roads to help their economy. They make use of the 3 department and 6 ministries, established the Tang Code that helped their government. They had a patriachal society where women had roles (but could pursue higher status). They had imperial examinations.
