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Brown vs Board of Education 1954
1954 Supreme Court case in which the justices ruled unanimously that racial segregation of children in public schools was unconstitutional. (Brown v. Board of Education 2023)
(Bettmann, Mother and Daughter at U.S Supreme Court 2009) -
Mills vs Board of Education 1972
The genesis of this case is found (1) in the failure of the District of Columbia to provide publicly supported education and training to plaintiffs and other “exceptional” children, members of their class, and (2) the excluding, suspending, expelling, reassigning and transferring of “exceptional” children from regular public-school classes without affording them due process of law.
(Mills 2021) -
PARC vs Commonwealth of Pennsylvania 1972
Pennsylvania had a law on the books that said that if a child “did not have the mental age of 5 years” by the time they were to enroll in first grade or age 8, they could be legally excluded from school. A class action lawsuit on behalf of PARC & 14 families. It was the first “right to education” lawsuit in the country and was filed in Federal District Court.
(Lightner, 2015) -
Section 504 the rehabilitation act 1973
A national law that protects qualified individuals from discrimination based on their disability. The nondiscrimination requirements of the law apply to employers & organizations that receive financial assistance from any Federal department or agency. (Your Rights Under Section 504 of The Rehabilitation Act)
(Chugh, 2016) -
The Education of All Handicapped Children (EHA)
Improve services in local public schools for all learning handicaps. Require that free appropriate education for all handicapped children. Schools required to evaluate a child's special needs, develop an IEP & involve the child's parents. Educate handicapped child alongside nonhandicapped children. The act was an amendment to Part B of the Education of the Handicapped Act enacted in 1966. (Office, 1980) -
Individual with Disabilities Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is the federal law that supports special education and related service programming for children and youth with disabilities. It was originally known as the Education of Handicapped Children Act, passed in 1975. In 1990, amendments to the law were passed, changing the name to IDEA. In 1997 and again in 2004, amendments were passed to ensure equal access to education.
(What is The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act? 2022) -
American with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities in several areas, including employment, transportation, public accommodations, communications and access to state and local government’ programs and services. (Americans with disabilities act) -
No Child Left Behind Act
No Child Left Behind was the main law for K–12 general education in the United States from 2002–2015.The law held schools accountable for how kids learned and achieved. The law was controversial in part because it penalized schools that didn’t show improvement.
(Lee, 2021) -
IDEIA
a federal law that guarantees all eligible children with disabilities between the ages of 3 and 21 (or until the child graduates) the right to a free appropriate public education designed to meet their individual needs. (The individuals with disabilities education improvement act 2023) -
Every Student Succeeds Act
Signed by President Obama on December 10, 2015, &represents good news for our nation’s schools. This bipartisan measure reauthorizes the 50-year-old Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), the nation’s national education law and longstanding commitment to equal opportunity for all students.
The new law builds on key areas of progress in recent years, made possible by the efforts of educators, communities, parents, and students across the country.
(Every student succeeds act (ESSA) 2017)
