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Dr. George Gey establishes a continuous cell line taken from a human cervical carcinoma isolated from Henrietta Lacks, who died of the cancer in 1951.
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Dr. James Watson and Dr. Francis Crick reveal the 3-D structure of DNA.
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Dr. Joseph Murray performs the first kidney transplant between identical twins
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An enzyme, DNA polymerase, involved in the synthesis of a nucleic acid, is isolated for the first time.
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Scientists prove that sickle-cell anemia occurs due to a change in a single amino acid in hemoglobin cells.
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Dr. Arthur Kornberg of Washington University in St. Louis makes DNA in a test tube for the first time. T
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french scientists discover messenger RNA (mRNA).
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Scientists understand genetic code for the first time
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Dr. Osamu Shimomura discovers the green fluorescent protein in the jellyfish Aequorea victoria.
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Independent groups in the United States, Germany and China synthesize insulin, a pancreatic hormone.