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Frederick Griffith
Griffith discovers that a factor in heat-killed, disease-causing bacteria can "transform" harmless bacteria into ones that can cause disease. -
Oswald Avery
Avery's team determines that genes are composed of DNA. -
Linus Pauling & Robert Corey
Pauling and Corey determine that the structure of a class of proteins is a helix. -
Rosalind Franklin
Franklin studies the DNA molecule using a technique called X-ray diffraction. -
James Watson & Francis Crick
Watson and Crick develop the double-helix model of the structure of DNA. -
Sydney Brenner
Brenner and other scientists show existence of messenger RNA. -
Walter Gilbert
Gilbert, Allan Maxam, and Frederick Sanger develop methods to read the DNA sequence -
Human Genome Project
The Human Genome Project- an attempt to sequence all human DNA- is essentially complete.
