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Scources
My sources are...
-K, S. "Timeline of Important Events Happened in Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics." Time Line of Important Events Happened in the Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics. WageningenUR, 15 July 2003. Web. 12 Dec. 2013.- "History of Cloning." Welcome! Basic Science Partnership - Harvard Medical School, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2013.
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On the Origin of Species
"On the Origin of Species" was published by Charles Darwin. It introduced that genetic evolution let organisms adapt to the enviornment to make it easier for survival. Pic - en.wikipedia.org -
Dominant and Recessive
Mendel, Gregor researched traits passed on from parents to prodigy. He brought up the words, dominant and recessive to bioinformatics. Pic - www.goodreads.com -
Gregor Mendel - Pea Pod
Gregor Mendel contucted the famous pea pod expirement. He found out that heredity was essentially the same for all complex life forms, and that the alleles from the parents weren’t blended, they were just one or the other. Also he found out that traits that you can not see are still there and can be given to the next generation. Pic - en.wikipedia.org -
The Creating of "gene"
Walter Sutton created a word, "gene", to describe different "factors" that are on a chromosomes. He also created the chromosomal theory of heredity. Pic - www.biology.iupui.edu -
The Basis for Modern Genetics
Thomas H. Morgan was the first to reconize and explain that genes were carried on chromosomes. He also showed that "sex-linked" genes exsisted and explained more stuff using "crossing-over". Pic - www.nasa.gov -
Genetic Map
The first genetic map was done by Alfred Sturtevant. He mapped where several fruit fly traits were. Pic - www.ted.com -
The Double Helix
Francis Crick and James Watson created or proposed the idea of a DNA strand looking like a double helix. Pic - cosmicvisions.blogspot.com -
The Genetic Code
Heinrich Mathaei, Marshall Nirenberg, and Severo Ochoa cracked the "Genetic Code" or a list of 3 nucleotide bases which make/determine the certain amino acids in each organism. Pic - money.cnn.com -
DNA Cutting
Paul Berg successfully used a restriction enzyme to cut DNA and he also created the 1st recombinant DNA molecule. Pic - www.wired.co.uk -
DNA Transfer
Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen were the first to successfully transfer DNA from one organism to another. -
Kary Mullis' Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
The polymerase chain reaction (PRC) was inventied by Kary Mullis'. The PRC is a way for multiplying DNA sequences in vitro. -
The HGP
In 1990, the Human Genome Project began and after lots of work, they finally mapped a human genome. Pic - www.blog.gurukpo.com -
Genetic Modified Food
The first genetic modified food was approved for sale. It was called the FlavrSavr Tomato. Calgene introduced an enzyme which made the tomato softish. Pic - www.timberpress.com -
Cloned Sheep
Using a method called nuclear tranfer, Steen Willadsen, from Demark, successfully cloned a sheep from embryonic cells. Pic - www.stanza.co.uk -
Adult Sheep Cloning
Using the Roslin Technique, Ian Wilmut and Keith Campbell cloned the first sheep, Dolly, from adult cells. This was an important milestone for animal cloning. Pic - www.animalresearch.info
