-
Jean-Marc Gaspard Itard
A French physician who began teaching a feral child using techniques adapted from deaf education. Itard subsequently published the first textbook on systematic teaching techniques for children with special learning needs (1801/1962). An educator, Edouard Sequin, applied Itard’s methods to children with mental retardation and developed a teaching system that emphasized sensory and motor development. Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 5 -
Period: to
Benchmarks of Special Education
-
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Affirmed the Supreme Court’s value of education and equity in publicly funded services. The principles laid down by the Supreme Court, ultimately, led to the inclusion of children with disabilities in the public schools. Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 6 -
Section 504
Mandates that no person with a disability could be excluded from or denied benefits of any program receiving federal financial assistance, which would include public elementary, secondary, and postsecondary schools. Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 7 -
Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE)
A mandate meeting the individual educational needs of persons with disabilities as adequately as the needs of nondisabled persons were met.Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 9 -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA)
EAHCA mandates that children with disabilities have access to public schools, and provides several safeguards and minimum standards for their participation.
Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 8 -
Due Process
Either the parent/adult student or the school district has the right to request a hearing whenever there is a dispute between the parent and the school district over the district's proposal or refusal to initiate or change the identification, evaluation, proposed IEP or portion thereof, the implementation of the IEP, educational placement, or the provision of a free appropriate public education (FAPE).
Resource: http://sped.dpi.wi.gov/sped_dueproc -
Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)
The legal requirement from EACHA for integration of students with education handicaps in general education classrooms. Special classes, separate schooling, or other removal of children with disabilities from the general education environment occurs only when the disability is so severe that education in general classes with the use of supplementary aids and services cannot be achieved satisfactorily. Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 9 -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
Name change from EACHA to IDEA. IDEA added mandates to the previous EACHA including but not limited to:
• Added autism and traumatic brain injury as distinct disability groups.
• Strengthened least restrictive environment (LRE) requirements.
• Allowed state and local education agencies to use the term developmental delay for children up to age 9.
Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 10, Table 1.1 -
No Child Left Behind (NCLB)
Includes new requirements for states to develop standards for grades 3-8 and high school in key academic areas (reading/language arts, science, and mathematics) and implement annual assessments related to those standards. NCLB reinforces the inclusion of children with disabilities in sate- or district-wide testing. Resource: Wood, J., (2006) Teaching Students in Inclusive Settings pp. 19-20
