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Birth
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Period: to
Sensorimotor (birth-2)
Experiencing the world through senses and actions.
-Object Permanance
-Stranger anxiety
ex- looking, touching -
Period: to
Trust vs. Mistrust (birth-1)
Learning whether to trust or not to based on whether or not their needs for things like food and comfort are met -
Period: to
Preconventional moality
- From birth- 9yrs -Childrens morality focuses on self interest: They obey rules either to avoid punishment or to gain concrete rewards.
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Raise Head to 45 Degrees
2 months -
Roll Over
2.8 Months -
Sit With Support
4 months -
Sit Without Support
5.5 months -
Temperment Established as an infant
-Easy Infants--Adaptable to new situations,predictability in their schedule,positive in their mood
-Difficult-Intense in their reactions, not very adaptable
-Slow to warm up Infants-Initially withdraw when approached, but later may warm, slow to adapt to new situations
-Average Infants-Did not fit into any of the above categories -
Pull Self into Standing Position
7.6 months -
Walk Holding on to Furniture
9.2 -
Creep
10 months -
Stand Alone
11.5 Months -
Walk
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Attachment
-Normally around 1 year old children either experience secure or insecure attachment
-insecure--the child avoids the caregiver, and showing little emotion when the caregiver departs or returns
-secure--children who show some distress when their caregiver leaves but are able to compose themselves and do something knowing that their caregiver will return -
Period: to
Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt
Toddlers realize they can direct their own behavior. -
Period: to
Preoperational (2-7)
-Representing things with words and images; using intuitive rather than logical reasoning.
-Playing Pretend
-Egocentrism -
Period: to
Initiative v. Guilt (3-5)
Children are developing imagination, and sharing. They have to learn to control their behavior and take responsibility. -
Period: to
Industry v. Inferiority (5-12)
Children try to learn new skills, obtain new knowledge -
Period: to
Concrete Operational
Thinking logically about concrete events; grasping concrete analogies and performing arithmetical operations.
-Conservation
-Mathmatical transformations -
Period: to
Conventional morality
-Early Adolescense
--morality focuses on caring for others and on upholding laws and social rules, simply because they are laws and rules -
Average age for Menarche (girls)
-First menstrual period -
Period: to
Formal Operational
12-Adulthood
-Abstract reasoning
-abstract logic
-Potential for mature moral reasoning -
Puberty
Girls:
-Menustration
-developing of breasts
-hips
-body hair Boys:
-body hair
-deepening of voice
-spermarche -
Period: to
Identity v. Role Confusion (13-18)
Trying to learn who they are as a person. -
Period: to
Postconventional morality
-Actions are judged to be right or wrong based on someone'sself defined, basic ethical principles. -
Average age for Spermache (boys)
-the first time a male produces sperm -
Period: to
Intimacy v. Isolation (20s-40)
Trying to form a close, committed relationship. -
Marriage
-Average age of women getting married is 25 years old. -
Average age to have first child
-In the US the average age for a woman to have her first child is 25.8 years old -
Sensory Changes
-decline starting in early adulthood
-muscle strength declines
-senses decreases -
Middle Adulthood Physical Changes
-menopause
-decline in fertility
-gradual decline in sperm count
-eyesight and hearing decease -
Period: to
Generativity v. Stagnation (40-60)
The challenge is to be creative, productive, and give back to the next generation. -
Midlife Transition
-The average age for a midlife transition is 45
-Discontentment or boredom with life or with the lifestyle (including people and things) that have provided fulfillment for a long time
-Self-questioning -
Menopause
-The time of natural cessation of menusration; also refers to biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.
-Normally happens around the age of 50 -
Cognitive changes in adulthood
-Alzheimer’s disease-progressive mental deterioration that can occur in middle or old age, due to generalized degeneration of the brain
-Dementia-a chronic or persistent disorder of the mental processes caused by brain disease or injury and marked by memory disorders, personality changes, and impaired reasoning.
-crystalized knowledge-accumulated knowledge such as vocabulary INCREASES
-Fluid- decreaes with age, decrease in reasoning with abstract approaches -
Late Adulthood physical changes
-brain neurons die
-memory declines
-senses decline -
Period: to
Ego Integrity v. Despair
60s and up
-The person is trying to reach wisdom, tranquility, wholeness, and acceptance. -
Average Life Expectancy
-men:68
-women:73