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Britan declares war on Germany and their allies
Britan declares war on Germany after they invade Belguim. Britan and Belguim were allies this is why they declared war. Australia pledges 20,000 men to help Britan. -
Period: to
Pre Gallipoli Campaign to the Evacuation
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Voluntary recruitment for Australian Imperial Force begins
Voluntary recruitment for the AIF begins. Many people from all over Australia enlist in army to look for an adventure, to escape financial problems or for other reasons.This primary source (photograph) shows the enthusiasm of the men signing up for the AIF this completely changes when compared to the picture of Lone Pine. -
Churchill battle plan
Churchill who was "The First Lord of British Admirality" (Boss of the Navy) asked the Cheif of Imperial General Staff to draw up a battle plan with the Greek army to capture Gallipoli and therefore the Dardenelles. Churchill did this because he felt Turkey would not stay neutral between Germany and Britan and would create another enemy. -
Dardanelles closed
Turkey Close the straits and lay mines along throughout the water making it almost imposible for any sea vessel to make it through to to the other side.This photo is a secondary source photo of a Turkish flag on the dardenelles,This could represent the dardenelles being defended by the Turks. -
Turkey enters the war
Turkey enters the war as Germany's allies. This alliance was made so Turkey could take the pressure off Germany by attacking Russia which would make them split up their army. Russia also asks Britan to engage with Ottoman Empire to relieve their army.The flag represents the unity of the Tu.rks when they entered the war -
1st Div. of AIF leave for Egypt
The 1st Division of the AIF are the first to leave for Egypt to be trained for battle. Many of the Australians are excited because most of them have not been overseas. This photo (primary source) is a photo of Autralian soldiers in Egypt it represents the start of the harsh world that the anzacs are entering into. -
Gallipoli Landing
The ANZAC's begin their landing on the Gallipoli beaches at 4:30 on two small pockets of Cape Helles. The Landing was a struggle as most the officers who knew what to do were killed or wounded. over 600 hundred were killed on that day. This photograph ilustrates the tough terrain of Gallipoli. As you can see the terrain is sloped this would have made it really hard for the troops landing. -
Battle of Krithia (2nd)
The battle of Krithia was an offensive made by the Anzacs to take the stone houses above Helles. The British had already failed at taking Krithia few days after the landing. The battle was lost as the Anzacs were not able to make it to the housing as shown by this passage from Charles Bean:
The stone houses of Krithia were still 2000 yards away, but in advancing 1000 yards the brigade, already reduced at Anzac to 2900 men, lost in one short hour another 1000. Casualties were over 7000 men all up -
Formal Truce Made Between Allies and the Turks
On the 24th of May the Allies and Turks create a formal truce so that Both can help their wounded. On this day all the Turkish soldiers who died in th month of May were burried. This Picture represents a the peace offering one of the opposing sides would have put up when asking for a truce. This would is traditionally used for demostrating a surrender or peace offering. -
Preparation for August Offensive
ANZAC troops are ordered to create terraces on the hills of Gallipoli in preperation for the August offensive. Many of the troops hated this kind of work because how hard and tiring it was, it was called fatige work by the troops. This Photograph is a primary source that shows Anzacs doing hard labour to make homes for others and maybe themselves. As you can see this looks extremely difficult because of the uneven terrain. -
August Offensive 5:30 (Lone Pine)
This battle was originally purposed as a diversion to take the turks away from other areas. The battle started late afternoon with great success with the main Turkish trench taken within 20 minutes but was followed by 4 days of hand to hand combat. Sometimes the Turks were so heavily fortified clogging the top of the trench with pine logs. After 4 days and 2,000 Austalian casualties the battle ended. Comparing the photo to the enlistment photo these men look more enthusiastic in the 1st photo. -
August Offensive 8:30 pm
New Zeland troops take the valleys leading up to Chunuk Bair and Hill 971 at 8:30 this means other Australians and New Zelanders can regroup and move through the valleys to attack the heights and futher Turkish positions. This photo is a primary source. It shows the Anzacs and the valleys leading up to Chunuk Bair. All look quite demorilised as they know some don't have long to live. -
4:30 August Offensive (The Nek)
The Nek was a horrendous battle. It was considered a massacre because of poor timing. The plan was to bombard the enemy then attack immediately after. The shellings stopped at 4:30 am but was supposed to continue to 4:37. Although the timing was obviously wrong the charges still continued (4 charges consisting of 150 men). At the the end of the day there were over 350 Australian casualties for close to nil casualties for the Turks -
August Offensive (Chunuk Bair and Hill 971)
ANZAC troops capture one of the peaks of Chunuk Bair but the other is lost due to turkish counter-attacks. While at Hill 971 the Australians fail to gain any ground against the Turks. -
End Of August Offensive
The Turkish troops counter-attack the lost ground at Chunuk Bair they drive British troops away but not all the way back to the beaches. This marks the end of the August offensive.This (primary source) photo shows Turkish troops after a successful counter attack, they look cheerful as they know they are winning the battles at Gallipoli -
First Large Storm and Torrential Rainfall
The first large storm hits the Gallipoli peninsula. The storm floods the trenches and does a considerable amount of damage to ANZAC Cove. This was not a problem for the Turks as they held the higher ground. This picture is from a dawn service in gallipoli and as you can see it can rain heavily. Although it is not from 1915 this illustrates some of the harsh weather conditions Anzacs had to goo through. -
Plans for Evacuations Begin
Herbert Asquith, British Prime Minister advices Gallipoli generals that an evacuation may be in order and must be done in secrecy.
This can be reffered to the beginning of the end. This is a Photo of the British Prime Minister. -
Evacuation Plans drawn up
The "Evacuation Plans" are drawn up to evacuate the three places the Allies still held which were Helles, Anzac cove and Sulva bay. The plans were written up by Lieutenant Colonel Charles Brudenell White, chief of staff of the Anzacs. The photograph is of the successful evacuation drawn up by Lieutenant Colonel Charles Brudenell White, It illustrates the work of good planning. Would the war have been different if plans were made successfuly as this? -
The Silent Stunt
Between the 24th and the 27th ANZAC troops are ordered not shoot at the enemy unless threatened or attacked. This was done so when time for the evacuation the turks would not think anything was different to the norm. Although this photograpgh does not show examples of the silent stunt this illustrates the techniques used to prepare for the evacuation like the silent stunt. This shows the mechanism of an automatic rifle using jam tins and bully cans. -
The Evacuation is Completed
The Allies complete the evacuation of the failed campaign of Gallipoli. This was the most successful operation in the whole campaign. The Turkish soldiers are unaware of the evacuation because of making tricks like using guns to fire automatically without a men operating them. 83,000 troops are evacuated. This Photogragh is a primary source. It is a photo of the evacuation of Gallipoli. This photo represents the ending of the battle.
