Annotated Timeline: African American Assimilation in the U.S.

  • 1865 – 13th Amendment Ends Slavery

    1865 – 13th Amendment Ends Slavery
    Description: Slavery was officially made illegal in the U.S.
    Significance: This was a major step in freedom for African Americans.
    Key Players: U.S. Congress, Abraham Lincoln
    Source: National Archives
  • 1870 – 15th Amendment Passed

    1870 – 15th Amendment Passed
    Description: Gave Black men the right to vote.
    Significance: Gave political power, but not everyone accepted it.
    Key Players: U.S. Congress
    Source: National Archives
  • 1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson

    1896 – Plessy v. Ferguson
    Description: Supreme Court said segregation was legal.
    Significance: Allowed “separate but equal” laws like Jim Crow.
    Key Players: Homer Plessy, U.S. Supreme Court
    Source: National Archives
  • 1954 – Brown v. Board of Education

    1954 – Brown v. Board of Education
    Description: Supreme Court said school segregation was illegal.
    Significance: Huge win for civil rights and education.
    Key Players: Thurgood Marshall, NAACP
    Source: National Archives
  • 1955 – Montgomery Bus Boycott

    1955 – Montgomery Bus Boycott
    Description: African Americans refused to ride segregated buses.
    Significance: Helped end bus segregation and started big protests.
    Key Players: Rosa Parks, Martin Luther King Jr.
    Source: National Archives
  • 1964 – Civil Rights Act Passed

    1964 – Civil Rights Act Passed
    Description: Ended legal segregation in public places and jobs.
    Significance: Big step toward equality in everyday life.
    Key Players: Lyndon B. Johnson, Congress
    Source: National Archives
  • 1965 – Voting Rights Act Passed

    1965 – Voting Rights Act Passed
    Description: Banned racist voting laws like literacy tests.
    Significance: Let more African Americans vote freely.
    Key Players: Martin Luther King Jr., Congress
    Source: National Archives
  • 2008 – Barack Obama Elected President

    2008 – Barack Obama Elected President
    Description: First Black president of the United States.
    Significance: Symbol of progress and hope.
    Key Players: Barack Obama
    Source: Library of Congress
  • 2013 – Black Lives Matter Movement Begins

    2013 – Black Lives Matter Movement Begins
    Description: Movement started after Trayvon Martin's death.
    Significance: Fights against racism and police violence.
    Key Players: Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, Opal Tometi
    Source: blacklivesmatter.com
  • 2020 – George Floyd Protests

    2020 – George Floyd Protests
    Description: Worldwide protests after George Floyd’s death.
    Significance: Called for justice and police reform.
    Key Players: George Floyd, protestors, activists
    Source: New York Times