Alhambra granada

Al-Andalus

By abril.pedlan@educa.jcyl.es
  • Period: Apr 1, 711 to Jul 26, 711

    THE CONQUEST OF THE VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM (711-711)

    In 711 the Muslim army led by Tarik, crossed the Strait of Giblartar and defeated the Visighots at the Battle of Guadalete.
  • Jul 25, 711

    TARIK

    TARIK
    Was a Berber commander and led the Muslim army through the Strait of Gibraltar into the Peninsula and defeated the Visigoths at the battle of Guadalete.
  • Jul 26, 711

    BATTLE OF GUADALETE

    BATTLE OF GUADALETE
    The Battle of Guadalete was the first major battle in the Muslim conquest of the Peninsula.
  • Period: Aug 1, 711 to Oct 20, 718

    CONQUEST OF THE VISIGOTHIC KINGDOM (711-718)

    After the Battle of Guadalete the Visigoth Kingdom was suffering from economic crisis and internal disputes so other Muslims armies ecountered almost no resistance.
  • 722

    THE LAST RESISTANCE OF THE PENINSULA

    THE LAST RESISTANCE OF THE PENINSULA
    By 722 they controlled almost all of the Peninsula except a narrow mountainous strip in the north where the Hispano-Visigoth took refuge.
  • Period: Sep 1, 756 to Oct 16, 929

    FROM A DEPENDENT TO AN INDEPENDENT EMIRATE

    After conquering Hispania the Umayyad Caliph of Dasmascus established the emirate of al-Alandalus with its capital in Córdoba and ruled by an emir. In the mid-8th century the Abbasid dynasty from Bahdad took control of the Islamic Empire.
  • Sep 4, 756

    UMAYYAD EMIRATE OF CÓRDOBA (756-929)

    UMAYYAD EMIRATE OF CÓRDOBA (756-929)
    The last memeber of the Umayyad clan, Abd al-Rahman, fled to al-Alandalus. He proclaimed himself an independent emir under the name Abd al-Rahman I and founded the Umayyat empire of Córdoba. It had its own administrative and legal structure, but it remained under Bahdad's religious authority.
  • Jan 16, 929

    ABD AL-RAHMAN III

    ABD AL-RAHMAN III
    To strengthen his power and his authority over other rival clans, Emir Abd al-Rahman III named himself caliph and proclaimed independence from Bahdad's religious authority.
  • Period: Jan 16, 929 to Nov 30, 1031

    CÓRDOBA CALIPHATE (929-1031)

    Caliphate of Córdoba was an economic, cultural and scientific golden age, and Córdoba became the most Europe's most populated city.
  • Nov 30, 1031

    AL-MANSUR

    AL-MANSUR
    Thanks to Al-Mansur and his military expeditions (azeifas) he supressed internal rebellions and Christians advances, and forced them to pay taxes (parias) to keep the peace.
  • Period: Nov 30, 1031 to Jan 2, 1086

    THE DIVISION INTO TAIFA KINGDOMS (1031-1238)

    In the early 11th century, the high cost of the army and rivalry between the nobles and military to escape the caliphs control sent the caliphate into a crisis. In 1031, the Muslim aristocracy divided al-Andalus into over 25 independent kingdoms, or Taifas, each with a major city. This fragmenation led the christian kingdoms in the north to attack.
  • Period: Jul 30, 1086 to May 23, 1147

    THE ALMORAVIDS (1086) AND ALMOHADS (1147)

    To prevent Christian conquest, two North African Muslim peoples, the Almoravids and the Almohads, arrived on the Peninsula and took control of the most Taifas.
  • Jul 12, 1212

    BATTLE OF NAVAS DE TOLOSA

    BATTLE OF NAVAS DE TOLOSA
    With the Muslim defeat in the Battle of Navas de Tolosa, the Christians conquered virtually all Taifa kingdoms.
  • Period: Jan 2, 1238 to Jan 2, 1492

    THE NASRID KINGDOM OF GRANADA (1238-1492)

    The last Muslim enclave was the Kingdom of Granada, founded in 1238 by the Nasrid dynasty.
    For over two centuries, the Nasrid Kingdom was prosperous thanks to trade and agriculture. Granada became an important cultural and commercial hub. However, the Nasrid kings had to pay Castille heavy taxes.
  • Jan 1, 1492

    BOABDIL

    BOABDIL
    In the late 15th century, the Catholic Kings declared to conquer the Kingdom. Boabdil, the last Nasrid King, surrendered Granada in 1492, ending almost 800 years of Islamic rule on the Iberian Peninsula.