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Britain's Southern Policy in Sudan
The British wanted to modernize Sudan by giving Sudan European technology to the underdeveloped economy and by replacing its institution with ones that agreed with Egyptian traditions. -
First Sudanese Civil War
The civil war was started when members of the British-administered Sudan Defence Force Equatorial Corps revolted in Torit. The mutiny was forced down although survivors fled and began an insurgency in rural areas. Gradually, the rebels developed into the Anya Nya guerrilla army. However, the group was crippled by internal ethnic divisions. The government was unable to seize the opportunity because of their own problems. Intervention by the WCC and AACC caused the war to end with an agreement. -
Anya Nya are created
The Anya Nya are a rebel group in the first Sudanese Civil War. The rebel group consisted mostly of the Nuer, Lotuko, Madi, Bari, Acholi, Zande, Dinka and other ethnic groups. It ended when the group signed the Addis Ababa Agreement with the Sudanese Government in 1972. -
Sudan gains independence from Britain
In 1956, Britain and Egypt granted permission for Sudan to gain its independence. -
Oil is first discovered
The discovery of the oil was made in 1979 Abu Jabra #1, west of Muglad, where an 8 million barrels reserve and a 1,000 barrels per day (b/d) production rate were calculated to be. -
Second Sudanese Civil War
The second Sudanese Civil War was actually a continuation of the first Sudanese Civil War since the North Sudanese government were violating the Addis Ababa Agreement they had made with the Anya Nya rebel group in the first Sudanese Civil War, therefore starting the second civil war. Religion is a crucial cause of the conflict, along with the discovery of oil in the region. -
SPLM/A is created
In 1983, multiple mutinies broke out in military barracks, most notably in Bor. These mutinieers would become the core of the SPLA. This also marked the beginning of the 2nd Sudanese Civil War. -
Nimeiri becomes president
Jaafar Nimeiri becomes president after a coup. He and four other officers dethroned Ismail al-Azhari. This coup was called the “May revolution”. -
Omar Al-Bashir becomes president
Omar Al-Bashir was a Sudanese military officer who overthrew the elected government of Sudan in 1989. However, it would be 1993 until he would serve as president of Sudan. -
Major Famine in Sudan
The famine in Sudan was a humanitarian disaster that was caused mainly by abuse of human rights and the failure of the international community to act due to the North Sudanese government forbidding the help of any agencies (Ex: UNICEF). This caused 70,000 civillian deaths. If the North had allowed any help, then the damage would be minimized or prevented fully. Most civillians died because of starvation and dehydration. -
Darfur Conflict starts
The Darfur conflict started after , two Darfuri rebel movements- the Sudan Liberation Army (SLA) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM)- protested against the Sudanese government, complaining about the neglecting of the area and the failure to protect sedentary people from attacks by nomads. The government of Sudan response was unleashing Arab militias known as Janjaweed, or “devils on horseback”. Sudanese forces and Janjaweed militia attacked hundreds of villages throughout Darfur.
