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Tin Pan Alley
• Was a name used to describe the song writers and who were among the popular music groups in the late 19th century and early 20th century.
• The name originally referred to a specific place: West 28th Street between Fifth and Sixth Avenue in Manhattan. This block is now considered to be part of Manhattan's Nomad neighborhood and the Flower District.
• the Tin Pan Alley first began when a number of music publishers set up shop in the same district of Manhattan -
Yellowstone
• Yellowstone is a national park located in Wyoming
• The park spans 3,486.4 square miles
• It was established as the first national park by U.S Congress and signed into law by Ulysses S. Grant
• It I widely known for its wildlife, ecosystems, and lakes -
Spanish-American War
• The war was fought because of the cruelty towards the Cuban people from the Spanish Government
• The spark to the war was when the Spanish government supposedly planned the attack on the U.S. Battleship Marine
• The U.S. was unprepared for the war do to the lack of resources, but ended up being victorious -
Langston Hughes
• Began writing poetry in Lincoln, Illinois.
• His first book, The Weary Blues, was written on November 1924 and was published by Alfred A. Knopf in 1926
• He finished school and finished his first novel, Not Without Laughter, In 1930 and ended up winning the Harmon gold medal for literature.
• He was particularly known for his insightful, colorful portrayals of black life in America from the twenties through the sixties.
• Langston Hughes died of complications from prostate -
Expanded Use of Air Conditioning
In 1902, Willis Haviland Carrier invented the air conditioner. Becaue of this cooling device, the hot and humid Florida weather became more bearable. The population of Florida began to grow immensely -
Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine
• The Monroe Doctrine, put forth in 1823 by President James Monroe, called for an end to European intervention in the American continents (both north and south).
• Roosevelt asserted that European nations should not intervene in countries to the south of the US, however under certain conditions; United States intervention might be justified. -
Irving Berlin
• An American composer and lyricist of Belarusian Jewish origin.
• At age 20 Berlin took a new job at a saloon in the Union Square neighborhood. There, he was able to collaborate with other young songwriters, such as Edgar Leslie, Ted Snyder, Al Piantadosi, and George A. Whiting
• In 1909, the year of the premiere of Israel Zangwill's The Melting Pot, he got his big break as a staff lyricist with the Ted Snyder Company. -
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World War 1
• Unrestricted Submarine Warfare, sinking of the Lusitania, and the Zimmerman note were the reasons for the US to enter World War 1
• The German Army opened the Western Front by first invading Luxembourg and Belgium, then gaining military control of important industrial regions in France
• The war ends with the defeat of Germany -
Panama Canal
• It’s a ship canal in Panama that connects the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean
• It is a prime location for international trade
• Approximately 51 miles long
• The French began to construct the canal, but they failed and the U.S. took over the project and finished the canal -
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
• It was a type of naval warfare that would attack enemy ships without warning
• Germany used unrestricted submarine warfare during World War 1
• Germany sank the Lusitania (a British ship carrying Americans)
• The sinking of the Lusitania added to the reasons why America enter World War 1 -
The Espionage Act
• Shortly passed after the U.S. entered World War 1
• It originally prohibited any attempt to interfere with military operations, to support U.S. enemies during wartime, to promote insubordination in the military, or to interfere with military recruitment -
Jackie Robinson
Born in Cairo, Georgia, Jackie Robinson was the first African-American to play in Major League Baseball. His 10-year career with the Brooklyn Dodgers caused many advancements in the fight for civil rights for black atheletes. -
Great Migration
• The movement of 6 million African-Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the Northeast, Midwest, and West
• Many were driven from their homes by unsatisfactory economic opportunities and harsh segregationist laws, many blacks headed north, where they took advantage of the need for industrial workers that first arose during World War 1 -
Tennessee valley authority
federally owned corporation in the United States created by congressional charter in May 1933 to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly affected by the Great Depression. -
The Harlem Renaissance
• Immediately following World War I, huge numbers of African Americans migrated to the industrial North from the economically depressed and agrarian South.
• They tried to make the world not as racist, but instead it seemed to accept the racism
• African Americans were encouraged to celebrate their heritage and to become "The New Negro," a term coined in 1925 -
Communist Regime in China
This is a very broad topic and I wasn't sure where to start. The CCP (Chinese Communist Part) is the founding and currently ruling political power in China. During the Cold War, Mao Zedong came to power and moved China into a Socialist/Capitalist state. -
hoovervilles
• is the popular name for shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.
• named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression
• Most of these unemployed residents of the Hoovervilles used public charities or begged for food from those who had housing -
Hoovervilles
• is the popular name for shanty towns built by homeless people during the Great Depression.
• named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States during the onset of the Depression
• Most of these unemployed residents of the Hoovervilles used public charities or begged for food from those who had housing -
Stock Market crash of 1929
• also known as black Thursday
• began late October and was the most devastating stock market crash in the history of the united states.
• On September 20, the London Stock Exchange (LSE) officially crashed when top British investor Clarence Hatry and many of his associates were jailed for fraud and forgery. The LSE's crash greatly weakened the optimism of American investment in markets overseas. -
The Great Depression
• was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II
• The Great Depression had devastating effects in countries rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%. Unemployment in the U.S. rose to 25%, and in some countries rose as high as 33%.[3]
• Farming and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by approximately 60% -
U.S. neutrality
• The Neutrality Acts were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II
• It was intended to ensure the U.S. would not get involved in foreign conflicts again -
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the Nutrality Act
The Neutrality Acts were passed by the United States Congress in the 1930s, in response to the growing turmoil in Europe and Asia that eventually led to World War II. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office. -
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New Deal
The New Deal was a series of economic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. -
Dust bowl
• a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands
• caused by severe drought combined with farming methods that did not include crop rotation, fallow fields, cover crops, soil terracing and wind-breaking trees to prevent wind erosion
• without natural anchors to keep the soil in place, it dried, turned to dust, and blew away with the prevailing winds
• Millions of acres of farmland were damaged, and hundreds of thousands of p -
Wagner Act
Wagner Act, officially National Labor Relations Act, the single most important piece of labour legislation enacted in the United States in the 20th century. It was enacted to eliminate employers’ interference with the autonomous organization of workers into unions. -
Social Security Act
The Social Security Act was drafted during Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first term by the President's Committee on Economic Security. Under Frances Perkins, and passed by Congress as part of the Second New Deal. The act was an attempt to limit what were seen as dangers in the modern American life. -
Huey Long
Long is best known for his Share Our Wealth program, created in 1934.It proposed new wealth redistribution measures in the form of a net asset tax on corporations and individuals to curb the poverty and homelessness endemic nationwide during the Great Depression. -
Court Packing Bill
The Cour Packing Bill was a legislative initiative proposed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt to add more justices to the U.S. Supreme Court. -
Executive Order 8802
Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry. -
Philip Randolph
was a leader in the African-American civil-rights movement, the American labor movement and socialist political parties. -
Manhattan Project at Los Alamos
The Manhattan Project was a research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during World War II. The USA led this movement. -
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Containment Policy
The dates are not specific enough to give a precise date. The containment policy was a policy past by the united states that attempted to stop the spread of Communism abroad. Truman was the president that emphasized it in it's full form. Other presidents viewed this as a minor detail. -
Baby Boom
• marked by a greatly increased birth rate
• 78.3 million Americans who were born during this demographic boom in births -
Levittown
• The Levitt family began and perfected their home construction techniques during World War II with contracts to build housing for the military on the East Coast
• In 1946 the Levitt Company acquired 4,000 acres of potato fields in Hempstead and began to build not just the largest single development by a single builder but what would be the country's largest housing development ever -
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Joseph McCarthy
Joseph McCarthy was a US republican senator in the state of Wisconson. During his time in office, he became the icon of the Cold War in the US. He made claims that there were Communist spies within the US government. Since he was not able to support his claims, he was censored by the US government. -
Truman Doctrine
This was a document past by the United States that stated the US would support Turkey and Greece economically and millitarily so that they wouldn't fall under the "Soviet Sphere". -
Outbreak of the Korean War
In the beginning, Kim Il-sung's North Korean People's Army invaded South Korea. The battle plans were sent by the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin. The US backed the South Korean side because of their hate of Communism. -
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Cuban Revolution
This was an armed revolt by Fidel Castro and his allies to overthrow Cuban Dictator Fulgencio Batista. On Jan 1, 1959 he was finally overthrown and Fidel Castro was put into place to display his revolutionary government. -
Brown v. the Board of Education
In the case of Brown v. the Board of Education, the U.S. Supreme Court ended federally sanctioned racial segregation in the public schools by ruling unanimously that "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal." -
Vietnam War
• A successful attempt on the part of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, DRV) and the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam (Viet Cong) to unite and impose a communist system over the entire nation
• Opposing the DRV was the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam, RVN), backed by the United States
• Occurred during the Cold War, and is generally viewed as an indirect conflict between the United States and Soviet Union
• Operations spanned international borders, with Laos and C -
Interstate Highway Act
With an original authorization of 25 billion dollars for the construction of 41,000 miles (66,000 km) of the Interstate Highway System supposedly over a 10-year period, it was the largest public works project in American history through that time
any limited-access toll highways that had been built prior to the Interstate Highway Act were incorporated into the Interstate system
toll turnpikes in the following states have been declared paid off, and those highways have become standard freeways -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
civil-rights organization founded in 1957 by Martin Luther King, Jr., and headed by him until his assassination in 1968. Composed largely of African-American clergy from the South and an outgrowth of the Montgomery, Ala., bus boycott that King had led, it advocated nonviolent passive resistance as the means of securing equality for African Americans. It sponsored the massive march on Washington in 1963. Ralph Abernathy headed (1968–77) the SCLC after King's death. -
Little Rock
In Little Rock, Arkansas, nine black students were to attend an all white high school, but because of the extreme racism, the white students blocked the doors so that they couldn't get in the doors. Things got so out of hand that President Dwight D. Eisenhower sent federal troops to protect the nine innocent students. -
Sputnik I
Sputnik I was the first artificial satellite into space. Because it was launched by the USSR, the US was shocked and automatically created the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Sputnik was in orbit for 57 days before it was destroyed when it reentered the atmosphere, but the transmitters stopped working after the first 21 days. -
Sit-ins
No one participated in a sit-in of this sort without seriousness of purpose. The instructions were simple: sit quietly and wait to be served. Often the participants would be jeered and threatened by local customers. Sometimes they would be pelted with food or ketchup. Angry onlookers tried to provoke fights that never came. In the event of a physical attack, the student would curl up into a ball on the floor and take the punishment. Any violent reprisal would undermine the spirit of the sit-in. -
News Coverage of the civil rights movement
American television coverage of the Civil Rights Movement ultimately contributed to a redefinition of the country's political as well as its televisual landscape
The desire to bring the struggle for civil rights into American living rooms was not limited to civil rights work- ers
News programmers needed to fill their expanded news programs with live telecasts of newsworthy events, and the public clashes around the Civil Rights Movement were too violent and too important to ignore. -
Presidential Debate
Between Kennedy and Nixon
This was the first election in which all fifty of the current United States participated.
This election is notable as being the first time in U.S. history that two sitting U.S. Senators (Kennedy and Johnson) were elected as president and vice-president -
Bay of Pigs
A revolutionary group which was funded by the US CIA, attempted to overthrow Cuba's dictator Fidel Castro in 1961. The mission was a failure and it only strengthened the position of Castro's administration. Tough luck, allies! -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional. The Southern states had ignored the rulings and the federal government did nothing to enforce them. -
Rachel Carson's SIlent Spring
Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring was first published in three serialized excerpts in the New Yorker in June of 1962. The book appeared in September of that year and the outcry that followed its publication forced the banning of DDT and spurred revolutionary changes in the laws affecting our air, land, and water. Carson’s passionate concern for the future of our planet reverberated powerfully throughout the world, and her eloquent book was instrumental in launching the environmental movement. -
Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers' movement
He was joined by Dolores Huerta and the union was born. The United Farmworkers Union AFL-CIO (UFW) has a special place in the history of farm labor organizing. It is the only successful union ever established to defend the rights of those who grow and harvest the crops. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
• 13-day confrontation between the USSR (Soviet Union) and Cuba on one side, and the U.S. on the other.
• One of the major conflicts of the Cold War
• closest the world ever came to nuclear war
• Soviet missiles were only powerful enough to be launched against Europe, but U.S. missiles were capable of striking the entire USSR
• Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev conceived the idea of placing missiles in Cuba
• Fidel Castro was looking for a way to defend his island nation from an attack by the U. -
Matin Luther King, Jr.'s Letter from a Birmingham Jail
After King was arrested for violating Alabama’s law against mass public demonstrations, he wrote a letter in response to a criticizing letter about his campaign. The mean letter was from eight Birmingham clergy members and was published in the Birmingham News, -
Martin Luther King, Jr.'s I Have A Dream Speech
King's I Have A Dream Speech is one of the most iconic speeches of all time. He delievered it to a crowd of over 200,000 people on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. The speech was given during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom and inspired people to rise up and demand equality for all. -
Barry Goldwater
January 3rd he announced his candidacy for the Republican Presidential nomination. Goldwater's terrible bid influenced the Republican Party and the modern conservative movement and foreboded a national political realignment. -
The Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 terminated unequal application in regards to voter registration requirements and all forms of racial segregation in schools, in the workplace and by facilities that offered services to the general public -
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Anti–Vietnam War movement
Domestic and international reaction in opposition to U.S. policy during the Vietnam War. During the four years following passage of the Tonkin Gulf resolution (Aug., 1964), which authorized U.S. military action in Southeast Asia, the American air war intensified and troop levels climbed to over 500,000. Opposition to the war grew as television and press coverage graphically showed the suffering of both civilians and conscripts. -
National Organization of Women
Established by a small group of feminists who were dedicated to actively challenging sex discrimination in all areas of American society but particularly in employment. Among the issues that NOW addresses by means of lobbying and litigation are child care, pregnancy leave, and abortion and pension rights. NOW has also campaigned for such issues as passage of state equal rights amendments and comparable-worth legislation and has met with greater success on the state level. -
Tet Offensive
• military campaign during the Vietnam War that was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam against South Vietnam, the United States, and their allies
• surprise attacks that were launched against military and civilian command and control centers throughout South Vietnam
• referred to as the Tet Offensive because there was a prior agreement to "cease fire" during the Tet Lunar New Year celebrations
• The Communists launched a wave of attacks on the morning of 30 -
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The EPA sets the emissions standards for vehicles sold in the US. Manufacturers have to seek model approval from the government body. -
Earth Day
The first Earth Day was organized in 1970 to promote the ideas of ecology, encourage respect for life on earth, and highlight growing concern over pollution of the soil, air, and water. -
Nixon's Openinng of China
Nixon's visit to the People's Republic of China was an important step in formally normalizing relations between the United States and the People's Republic of China because it marked the first time a U.S. president had visited the PRC. -
Roe vs Wade
Roe v. Wade prompted a national debate that continues today, about issues including whether and to what extent abortion should be legal, who should decide the legality of abortion, what methods the Supreme Court should use in constitutional adjudication, and what the role should be of religious and moral views in the political sphere. -
Nixon's Resignation Due to the Watergate Scandal
During the night of June 17, 1972, five burglars broke into the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate office complex in Washington, DC. Investigation into the break-in exposed a trail of abuses that led to the highest levels of the Nixon administration and ultimately to the President himself. President Nixon resigned from office under threat of impeachment on August 9, 1974. -
Presidency of Gerald Ford
Being the vice president at the time, when Nixon resided he became president. Ford signed the Helsinki Accords, marking a move toward détente in the Cold War. With the conquest of South Vietnam by North Vietnam nine months into his presidency, U.S. involvement in Vietnam essentially ended. -
Personal Computers
This marks the age of having information ready where ever and when ever you want it just by the touch of a button. Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple Computers on this day. -
Reaganomics
The economic policies promoted by U.S. President Ronald Reagan during the 1980s. These policies are commonly associated with supply-side economics, referred to as trickle-down economics by political opponents. to reduce the growth of government spending, reduce the federal income tax and capital gains tax, reduce government regulation, and control the money supply in order to reduce inflation. -
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Ronald Reagan's Presidency
A Republican administration by Ronald Reagan. introduced the largest across-the-board tax cuts in American history. The economic policies enacted in 1981, known as "Reaganomics", were an example of supply-side economics. Economic growth saw a strong recovery in the 1980s, helping Reagan to win a landslide re-election. Very anti-Communist and massivley built up the US military. War of Grenada. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was the American program to aid Europe, in which the United States gave economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet Communism. -
Iran-Contra Scandal
During the Reagan administration, senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, the subject of an arms embargo. -
Collapse of the Soviet Union
Soviet Union disintegrated into fifteen separate countries. Ending the Cold War. -
North American Free Trade Agreenment
an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States, creating a trilateral trade bloc in North America. The agreement came into force on January 1, 1994. The goal of NAFTA was to eliminate barriers to trade and investment between the US, Canada and Mexico. Brought the immediate elimination of tariffs on more than one-half of Mexico's exports to the U.S. and more than one-third of U.S. exports to Mexico. -
the 2000 presidential election and its outcome.
54th quadrennial presidential election. The contest was between Republican candidate George W. Bush, and Democratic candidate Al Gore, the incumbent Vice President. Bush narrowly won the election,[2] with 271 electoral votes to Gore's 266. -
The electoral College
The election was plagued with allegations of voter fraud and disenfranchisement. Rumors of illegal road blocks, unclear ballots, and uncounted votes, particularly in swing states like Missouri and Florida, were rampant. The 2000 election resulted in numerous court battles over contested ballots and recounts. These lawsuits escalated to the U.S. Supreme Court where the final, 5-4 decision was made, ending the recounts and giving the state of Florida's Electoral votes to George W. Bush. -
The war against terrorism
a term commonly applied to an international military campaign which started as a result of the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks on the United States. This resulted in an international military campaign to eliminate al-Qaeda and other militant organizations. The United Kingdom and many other NATO and non-NATO nations participate in the conflict. -
President George W. Bush to the attacks of Sept. 11, 2001.
On the evening of September 11, 2001, President George W. Bush addressed the country after a “series of deliberate and deadly terrorist acts.” He suggests that America was targeted because it is the “brightest Beacon of freedom and opportunity in the world.” -
The subsequent American interventions with Afghanistan and Iraq
The Bush administration made the argument that in the post-9/11 climate there should be a belated reckoning with Saddam Hussein. He had continued to sponsor terrorism, had over the years invaded or attacked four of his neighbors, and had killed tens of thousands of his own people. He was surely more a threat to the region and to his own people than either Bashar Assad or Moammar Qaddafi was eight years later.
