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Carolus Linneaus
He laid the foundations for biological naming scheme of binomial nomenclature, known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. He started lecturing about botany in 1730. (1760) -
Lamarck
He was early proponent of the idea that evolution occurred and proceeded in accordance with natural laws. He published a three-volume work Flore française (1778). In 1801, he published Système des animaux sans vertèbres, a major work on the classification of invertebrates. -
Hutton
He introduced the theory of uniformitarianism, which became a fundamental principle of geology it explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a legitamate science, referred to as the "Father of Modern Geology". -
Cuvier
Cuiver was creditted with the invention of vertebrate paleontology, and he expanded Linnaean taxonomy by grouping classes into phyla. Cuvier is also known for establishing extinction factually. 1813-1830 -
Lyell
First published in three volumes of Principles of Geology, it established Lyell's credentials as an important geological theorist and propounded the doctrine of uniformitarianism.[ -
Gregor Mendel
Mendel researched the transmission of hereditary traits in plant hybrids. Mendel used pea plants for his experiments due to their many distinct varieties, and their ability to preduce offspring quickly and easily. Mendel continued his research which involved tens of thousands of individual plants between 1856 and 1863. -
Darwin
Darwin published his theory of evolution with compelling evidence in his book On the Origin of Species. Darwins theory established that all species of life descended over from common ancestors. His scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection. -
Avery–MacLeod–McCarty experiment
Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty's experiment expaneded upon Griffith's experiment. They proposed DNA is the substance that causes bacterial transformation, this suggested that DNA, rather than proteins may be the hereditary material of bacteria, and could be analogous to genes or viruses in higher organisms. -
Rosalind Franklin
Franklin was an expert in x-ray diffraction. Using X-ray diffraction on DNA she took pictures of DNA and discovered that there were two forms of it, a dry "A" form and a wet "B" form. One of their X-ray diffraction picture of the "B" form of DNA, Photograph 51, became famous as critical evidence in identifying the structure of DNA. -
Maurice Wilkins
1951-1953
Wilkins had evidence that DNA in cells and purified DNA had a helical structure. Wilkins's x-ray diffraction data indicated a helical structure in DNA.
1952 Wilkins began a series of experiments on sepia sperm. -
Hershey-Chase
Hershey-Chase experiments were a series of experiments by Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase. Their experiments helped to confirm DNA is the genetic material. Hershey and Chase showed that when bacteriophages infect bacteria DNA enters the host bacterial cell and not the protein. -
Watson and Crick
"Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" was the article published by Francis Crick and James D. Watson in a scientific journal on April 25, 1953. The article was the first to describe the discovery of DNA's structure, double helix. The structure was found by using X-ray diffraction and mathematics of helix transform.
