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Televisions
Electronic television was first successfully demonstrated in San Francisco on Sept. 7, 1927, But World War 2 slowed TV’s introduction to the consumer market. The 1950's became a generation where we had a consumer culture (Bought millions of appliances & other electronics). Rationing was over, everyone spent saved money, how many possessions one could have. By 1955, 75% of American homes had a TV – black & white.TVs are the way people were entertained with MTV, news, politics, and church services -
G.I. Bill
A law passed in 1944 (Servicemen’s Readjustment Act of 1944) that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to persons honorably discharged from the armed forces.Offers World War 2 veterans low interest rates on houses and college tuition. Also it gives them money to start businesses if they waned to. This act is still around today for veterans.It helps veterans get their education if they wanted to get it. -
Iron Curtain
The Iron Curtain, the boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1945 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. A term symbolizing the efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the West and non-Soviet-controlled areas. Winston Churchill describes closure to western ideas by erecting a physical barrier across Eastern Europe. Soviet Union erects barricades of concrete and barbed wire to seal off east from the west -
second red scare
The second Red Scare refers to the fear of communism that permeated American politics, culture, and society from the late 1940s through the 1950s, during the opening phases of the Cold War with the Soviet Union.Perceived losing to communism in nuclear technology.Julius & Ethel Rosenberg gave Atomic Bomb secrets to the Soviets.Joseph McCarthy (McCarthyism)Waved a piece of paper around and claimed he had 205 known communists on it, Attacked Democrats , celebrities, government official. -
Truman Doctrine
President Truman's policy of providing economic and military aid to any country threatened by communism or totalitarian ideology. It helps countries around the world that want to fight communism. war-torn areas of Europe under the threat of turning communism.it gave 400 million dollars to Greece to pay anti-communism groups to help towards the Policy of Containment. Truman changed American Foreign Policy, to enable the USA to get involved with European affairs.Helped U.S get trading partners. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was devised by George Marshall, he was a United States general.. It offers loans to rebuild Europe's participation and faith in capitalism. It was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, where the United States over 13 billion dollars in economic support. This also spreads American labor, farming, and manufacturing practices to Western Europe. Stalin refused Eastern Europe's participation. The Marshall Plan also prevents the spread of communism in Western Europe. -
Berlin Airlift
The Berlin Wall was a guarded concrete barrier that physically and ideologically divided Berlin from 1961 to 1989.The Berlin wall was divided into east and western sides. Stalin wanted the west to quit Berlin. The United States and the British supplied planes so they could drop off supply to West Berlin and help them survive for almost a year. West Berlin would have fallen without the United States and the British helping them get a ton of supplies everyday.Stalin gave up and reopened the border -
Fair Deal
He wants to focus on health care, public housing, education and public works. An economic extension of the New Deal proposed by Harry Truman that called for higher minimum wage, housing and full employment. In his 1949 State of the Union address to Congress on January 5, 1949, Truman stated that "Every segment of our population, and every individual, has a right to expect from his government a fair deal." It raised the minimum wage, promoted slum clearance. It wasn't fully passed but it helped. -
Polio Vaccine
On March 26, 1953, American medical researcher Dr. Jonas Salk announces on a national radio show that he has successfully tested a vaccine against poliomyelitis, the virus that causes the crippling disease of polio.Its a Virus which enters through mouth causing paralysis, meningitis, and death.In the 50s' Polio was debilitating thousands of American children every year. Today polio has been eliminated from the US but is still common in some developing areas. FDR suffered with Polio. -
Dr. Jonas Salk
He was born on October 28, 1914, New York City, NY and died on June 23, 1995, La Jolla, CA. Salk was an American biologist and physician best known for the research and development of polio vaccine that killed polio.In 1953, Dr Jonas Salk perfected the polio vaccine. The vaccine was then distributed freely in the nation's schools. His cure for Polio was a big success because many Americans were suffering from polio even president Franklin D. Roosevelt. The invention was announced everywhere. -
Alger & Ethel Rosenberg
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, a married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951, are put to death in the electric chair. The execution marked the dramatic finale of the most controversial espionage case of the Cold War.Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, who were convicted of conspiring to pass U.S. atomic secrets to the Soviets, are executed at Sing Sing Prison in Ossining, New York. Ethel was innocent but Julius was a real spy. -
Domino Theory
The theory that a political event in one country will cause similar events in neighboring countries, like a falling domino causing an entire row of upended dominoes to fall. The United States believed that if one country fell to communism, then surrounding countries would fall into it as well. President Eisenhower described it in 1954 as a row of dominoes if one falls, the rest will too. The United States looked at Vietnam & South East Asia as dominoes, Vietnam was the first. -
Rock n' Roll
A genre of popular music that originated and evolved in the United States during the late 1940's and early 1950's.African-American rhythm and blues with a combination of Country influences. to teenagers (baby boomers). Use of cover versions, primarily performed by white artists profiting form versions by black artists. In April 12, 1954 Bill Haley and the Comets released the song "Rock Around the Clock Tonight." which made Rock n' Roll popular in the 1950's when Max C Friedman sang it. -
space race
The space race is a competition that the United States and the Soviet Union for supremacy in space.The Soviet Union launched Sputnik (first artificial Earth Satellite) into space. Americans became fearful of falling behind the Soviets. In 1961 President Kennedy announced to the congress that he wanted to send a man to the moon. Mission Apollo 11 was made and was successful. America was the first to send a man to the moon and walk on the moon's surface. Technically America "won" the space race. -
Emmett Till Tragedy
Emmett Till was a 14 yr boy from Chicago.He was visiting family in Mississippi but he was kidnapped, brutally beaten, shot, and dumped into a river by two men, J. W. Milam and Roy Bryant because he "whisled at a white woman". The ring on his finger was the only way they could identify him. They were tried for the murder and acquitted by an all white jury,They won. They later bragged about committing the murder in a Look magazine interview. Till's death helped push the Civil Rights movement. -
Little Richard
Known for "Long Tall Sally", "Tutti -Frutti", "Good Golly, Miss Molly"; used gospel techniques in his vocal style, his music had fast tempos and high energy . Later, at the peak of his success in 1957, he abruptly became a preacher and left behind his rock and roll, although occasionally playing some rock shows over the next decade.Little Richard's “Tutti Frutti” was one of Richard's biggest hits, it was released October 1955 and recorded September 14, 1955.There are many covers of Tutti Frutti. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks was born on February 4, 1913 and died onmOctober 24, 2005. Rosa Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery on December 1, 1955. She got arrested because she refused to give up her seat, many people heard of the arrest and it triggered people to boycott the bus. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
On 1st December 1955,Rosa Parks refused to give her seat to a white man. She was arrested and this resulted in the boycott of Montgomery buses for a year. The majority of the company's passengers were black so they lost 65% of their revenue.It brought Marting Luther King to light, attracted media attention.White began to sympathise with black Americans.Led to the Browder vs.Gayle which was against the segregation of buses. Showed White people were active in the Civil Rights movement as well. -
Elvis Presley
He is known as "the King" of Rock and Roll,Makes Rock & Roll a phenomenon. He wasn't only known as a rock'n'roller and an originator of Rockabilly, but he also sang gospel, soft rock, country, patriotic songs.At the time of his death he had sold at least 500 million records.Presley was born in Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis, Tennessee with his family when he was 13 years old, he was really poor. "Heartbreak Hotel", was released in January 1956 and makes it up the charts on its way to #1. -
Beat Generation
Also known as the “Beats” or “beatniks."A group of American writers, artists, novelists and poets who came to prominence in the 1950s, as well as the cultural phenomena that they wrote about. Central elements of "Beat" culture include a rejection of mainstream American value, home ownership, careers, marriage. They do experimentation with drugs, alternate forms of sexuality. They believed in individual freedom and pleasure(drugs,sex) they have no actual goals in life that are important.Howl book -
Little Rock Nine
In September1957 the school board in Little rock won a court order to admit nine African American students to Central Highschool.The governor ordered troops from NationalGuard to prevent them from entering the school.Angry white mob joined the troops to protest the integration plan to intimidate the AA students trying to register.The mob violence pushed Eisenhower's patience that he immediately ordered the US Army to send troops to Little Rock to protect and escort them for the full school year. -
Orvaul Faubus
Orvaul Faubus was the Governer of Arkansas 1955-1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of Little Rock public schools during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African American students from attending Little Rock Central High School. The Arkansas National Guard sent in on Sept 2, 1957 and prevent entry of the Nine on Sept 4, 1957. Overall Summay of Orvaul ... he is super racist. -
Eisenhower's intervention
In the 1950s to ensure that federal law was upheld, he sent in federal troops to continue integration at Central High. It was the only time he used his federal authority to intervene and enforce the Brown legal ruling.President Eisenhhower sent troops to enforce racial integration at a high school. He also sent troops to escort the nine students to class for the whole year; eight out of the nine students graduate. The students still got verbally and physically abused by other students at campus. -
Sit-Ins
A form of civil disobedience in which demonstrators occupy seats and refuse to move.On 1st February 1960 four AA students sat down at a white lunch counter. They were refused service but remained there until the shop closed.This continued daily, and some whites joined in. Crowds of hostile students began to abuse the protestors but they didnt react.Mostly teenagers that had nothing to lose. Sit-ins so successful they encouraged youth participation across the nation(SNCC).TV's showed the violence -
The New Frontier
The "new" liberal and civil rights ideas advocated by Kennedy, in contrast to Eisenhower's conservative view.The term New Frontier was used by liberal Democratic presidential candidate John F. Kennedy in his acceptance speech in the 1960.Youngest elected in American history.He wanted to raise the minimum wage, relieve overcrowded schools.He believed in cutting taxes for business from 90% and wanted to increase spending to alleviate a downturn.He also challenged the U.S. to send a man to the moon -
Politics on TV
The 1950's as Consumer Culture where people bought millions of appliances and other electronics like the television. By 1955, 75% of American homes had a Television because are the way people were entertained like politics. The TV was a way that helped John F. Kennedy win the election. Every time Kennedy came out on the television he wore makeup which made him look better than Nixon. 75% of Americans had televisions and most of the people that watched the candidate debate voted for Kennedy. -
Freedom Riders
it began on May 4th 1961. Civil Right Supporters Travelled on busses throughout the South and at the stops making use of toilets and restaurants reserved for whites. Encountering enormous white violence in the form of beatings and firebombs demonstrating the ineffective laws that Morgan vs Virginia had. Although a law was passed in 1960 declaring AA had the same rights in terminals as on buses, direct action was needed to put it into practice. They challenged non-enforced segregated south state -
Discount Retailing
Start of discount retailing began in 1960s. Stores like K-Mart, Home Depot, Best Buy began to open up with retail. Retail sold cheap item people need and wanted. Sam Walton (man who opened up Walmart July 2, 1962 and Sam's Club) Created a chain of stores offering large variety of products at low prices. He also started the just-in-time programs and that when the inventory products arrive at the precise time in they are needed. This just in time program helped with retail stores. -
Sam Walton’s Just-in-Time Inventory
Sam Walton was an American businessman and entrepreneur best known for founding the retailers Walmart and Sam's Club.Sam Walton created a chain of stores offering large variety of products at low prices. He also created the Just-in-time inventory. The just-in-time inventory is when products arrive at the precise time in they are needed .Computers track inventory and there is no need for large in-house stock. His first Walmart opened July 2, 1962 -
Cuban Missile Crisis
Soviet Union installed a nuclear armed missiles on Cuba.Kennedy orders naval quarantine of Cuba,to prevent Soviet ships from delivering.Lets soviets know the U.S. will use force if needed. A 13-day confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union concerning American ballistic missile deployment in Italy and Turkey with consequent Soviet ballistic missile deployment in Cuba.The confrontation is often considered the closest the Cold War came to escalating into a full-scale nuclear war. -
Personal Computers
Personal Computers became affordable for millions in the early to mid-1990s.The computer industry flourishes, becomes very lucrative because everyone wants one. It helps make Jobs easier with the internet's help personal computers can help with emails, money deposits, etc. An early use of the term "personal computer" appeared in a November 3, 1962, New York Times article John W. Mauchly's v stated, "There is no reason to suppose the average boy or girl cannot be master of a personal computer" -
JFK's assassination
On November 22, 1963 Kennedy and his wife traveled to Texas with VP Lyndon Johnson for a series of political appearances. As the presidential motorcade turned left on Elm Street,Oswald waiting on 6th floor of book depository.Five shots will be made but only two shots will strike the President, once in the throat and once in the head. Government officials sped Kennedy to a nearby hospital, where he was pronounced dead moments later.The shot on JFK killed him.Texas Governor Conley got hit as well. -
Lee Harvey Oswald
Oswald was born on October 18, 1939 and got killed on November 24, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was an American former U.S. Marine who assassinated United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963. Lee Harvey Oswald was assassinated two days after killing Kennedy by Jack Ruby.Oswald was honorably discharged from the Marine Corps and defected to the Soviet Union in October 1959.He came back to the States with special permissionand supposedly was the only shooter in the assassination. -
Jack Ruby
Ruby was born on March 25, 1911 and died on January 3, 1967.He owned a nightclub in Dallas, Texas. On November 24, 1963, he fatally shot Lee Harvey Oswald after Oswald assassinated U.S. President JFK two days earlier. A Dallas jury found him guilty of murdering Oswald, and Ruby was sentenced to death. Ruby's conviction was later appealed and he was granted a new trial. Ruby became ill in his prison cell and died of a pulmonary embolism from lung cancer. Some people considered him a hero. -
Warren Commission
On November 29, 1963, President Johnson set up this comission to investigate Kennedy's assassination that happened on November 22, 1963. Kennedy’s enemies were on the commission but they came to the conclusion that Oswald acted alone with no one else. Many disbelieve the findings of the commission. Kennedy’s final blow looked as if it came from the side and not from behind People believed it to be a conspiracy from the findings. The conspiracies are many with many unsolved questions. -
Daisy Girl AD
In the 964 election,Republican Barry Goldwater campaigned on a right-wing message of cutting social programs and pursuing aggressive military action as the willingness to use nuclear weapons in situations when others would find that unacceptable, something which Johnson sought to capitalize on. People were fearful of Nuclear war so Johnson used Goldwater's willingness to use nuclear weapons to his benefits with AD's like the Daisy Girl AD and made people fear voting on BG. The AD only aired once -
Barry Goldwater
In 1964, LBJ was opposed by this Republican Arizona senator who attacked the federal income tax, the Social Security
system, the Tennessee Valley Authority, civil rights legislation, thenuclear test-ban treaty, and the Great Society. Barry Morris Goldwater was an American politician and businessman who was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's nominee for President of the United States in the 1964 election. He lost the election with help from the daisy girl Ad -
The Great Society
President Johnson called his version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.It promised education, good standard of living and beautification, It went further than the New Deal.The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. On January 4, 1965 President Johnson outlined the goals of The Great Society, a program to advance Civil Rights. -
Watts Riots
The first large race riot since the end of World War II. In 1965, in the Watts section of Los Angeles, a riot broke out. This was the result of a white police officer arresting a colored man because of "drunk driving". This triggers a week of violence and anger revealing the resentment blacks felt toward treatment toward them.Whites started changing their views on Civil Rights because of Watts. MLK travels to Watts to convince protesters to use nonviolence. MLK notices economic inequality. -
MLK Death
Martin Luther King traveled to Memphis, Tennessee to give a speech at a local Church. He stayed at the Lorraine Motel which he was frequent customer to. On April 4, 1968, King got shot while talking to someone from the balcony. James Earl Ray shot him from a distance (later arrested in London) he shot King though the cheek and it severed a major artery.King dies at a local hospital soon after. This caused a bunch of riots on 100 cities.AA angry because their leader was killed, he gave them hope. -
Feminism
Many white women (women in general) split from Civil Rights
look towards Feminism,Changing men’s mentality/perspective. Helen Gurley's “Sex and the Single Girl” (empowerment through sexuality) it encouraged women to explore their sexuality and wait to get married when looks started going away. Betty Friedma's “The Feminine Mystique was about how she believed women could do everything men could. Focused on workplace, job, salary, equality. Miss America 1st big protest. -
Nixon's Presidency
Richard Milhous Nixon was an American politician who served as the 37th President of the United States from 1969 until 1974, when he became the only U.S. president to resign from office. He is well known because he was the first president to ever resign from office because he preferred to resign instead of getting impeached. He was going to get impeached because of the Watergate scandal. His presidency made a lot of people doubt on the government and the presidency. Peace out President Nixon. -
Apollo 11
Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first two humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin, both American, landed the lunar module Eagle on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC.The primary objective of Apollo 11 was to complete a national goal set by President John F. Kennedy on May 25, 1961. Apollo 11 was part of the space race which helped America defeat the soviet union and be the "winners of the space race".The Soviet Union didn't beat the United States . -
Hippies
They were about peace & living the moment without inhibition.
They were part of the counter culture and had ideals like free, love and peace.Festivals such as Woodstock were hippie festivals. Hippies reject middle class values(cars,jobs, suburban homes) and lived in separate communities.Renounced material possession & used drugs (LSD and Heroin) they explored their inner selves (sexual liberation and drugs)and embraced non-christian faith. They are very similar to the beatniks but a little diff -
Silent Majority
The term was popularized by U.S. President Richard Nixon in a November 3, 1969, speech. Nixon refereed it to a significant number of Americans who supported his policies but chose not to express their views. A vast majority of white conservative angry about civil rights, Americans who did not join in the large demonstrations against the Vietnam War at the time, who did not join in the counterculture, and who did not participate in public discourse. They wanted to stay away from violence. -
Environmental Protection Agency
Initiated by Nixon in 1970. It protects the environment and sets air & water pollution standards. Controversial for some conservative politicians today. This helps the environment, helps protect the human health, and helps protect animals health too. President Richard Nixon proposed the establishment of EPA and it began operation on December 2, 1970, after Nixon signed an executive order. The order establishing the EPA was ratified by committee hearings in the House and Senate. Yayyy Nixon! -
Watergate scandal
June 17, 1972 - five men arrested for breaking into the Democratic National Committee's executive quarters in the Watergate Hotel. Nixon had government agents spy on Democrats so he could stay in office. The Supreme Court forced Nixon to give up tapes that contained conversations about his plan(Recorded in the oval office); Congress was about to impeach Nixon, but he resigned and some of the people that did the spying went to prison. Citizens began to doubt the government and their leader. -
Watergate Hotel
WATERGATE SCANDAL!! June 17, 1972, when five intruders were caught in the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee, was one of the biggest scandals this hotel had that led to Richard Nixon's resignation. This hotels has five different parts. The Hotel first opened in the year 1962. Its a very luxurious hotel, they recently did a $125 million renovation to it adding nearly 100 rooms, ballroom space, a spa and a rooftop lounge. It is also upgrading their restaurant in the hotel. -
The Endangered Species Act
Requires Fish and Wildlife Service to list species of plants and animals that are threatened with extinction.It takes further steps to protect after identification of extinction. Wildlife was being killed off by industrialization and poison in the environment. This act is to save endangered species from extincting and has helped many different animals survive and keep living and reproducing their kind. This act has save so many animals and it continues to save many animals lives. -
Nixon's resigns
House Judiciary Committee issues articles of impeachment against Nixon (obstruction of justice). On August 5, 1974 Nixon releases unedited version of the tapes and it showed Nixon’s guilt in the cover-up. On August 8, 1974, Nixon is the first President to resign from office. This caused the public and media to openly question whats up in the White House.Americans become deeply distrustful of public officials, lasts until this day. Congress passes new laws to limit executive power. Bye Bye Nixon. -
Jimmy Carter
Jimmy was born on October 1, 1924.He is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981.Jimmy Carter was a member of the Democrat party.Cater used to be a peanut farmer from Georgia and he was also a former submarine commander in the U.S. Navy. in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work with the Carter Center.The end of Carter's presidential career was with Iran Hostage Crisis, many people were upset with this crisis.He is still alive -
Space Shuttle Program
The Space Shuttle program, officially called the Space Transportation System, was the United States government's manned launch vehicle program from 1981 to 2011, administered by NASA and officially beginning in 1972. Enterprise's first test flight was on February 18, 1977, only five years after the Shuttle program was formally initiated; leading to the launch of the first space-worthy shuttle Columbia on April 12, 1981 -
Equal Rights Amendment
The equal rights amendment is a proposed amendment to the United States Constitution designed to guarantee equal rights for all citizens regardless of gender; it seeks to end the legal distinctions between men and women in terms of divorce, property, employment, and other matters.Congress passed it on March 22, 1972 and it goes to states for ratification but it fails by 3 states in 1979. This called the public's attention and many wanted women in politics. EQUALITY!!! -
Phyllis Schlafly
Phyllis Schlafly was very instrumental in defeating the equal rights amendment.She organizes the movement of conservative women. Phyllis Schlafly is a conservative Illinois lawyer who received support from conservatives across the country.Schlafly feared that the amendment would reduce the rights of wives and harm family life. She used the example of unisex restrooms to shock people into following her.She also explained how women would have to serve in combat.She helped to stop the ERA on 03/22 -
BET; Black Entertainment Television
Started by Robert Johnson. BET is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by the BET Networks division of Viaco.It features music & stories from the African-American community. It is the most prominent television network targeting African American audiences. The network has also aired a variety of stand-up comedy, news, and current affairs programs, and formerly aired mainstream rap, hip-hop and R&B music videos. 1st aired on January 25, 1980. -
Robert Johnson
Robert Louis "Bob" Johnson was born on April 8, 1946. He is an African American entrepreneur, media magnate, executive, philanthropist and investor. He is the founder of BET, which was sold to Viacom in 2001. He also founded RLJ Companies, a holding company that invests in various business sectors. He founded BET which was a channel many Americans watched during the 80's -
Iran Hostage Crisis
U.S. supported Shah of Iran because he was a major oil supplier. He was a brutal dictator and anti-communist, he became very unpopular. Ayatollah Khomeini leads Islamic revolution and mistrusted the U.S.The U.S. gave amnesty to the Shah. 52 Americans got taken hostage from American embassy in Tehran. A special forces team was sent to rescue hostages, helicopters crashed in Iranian desert on April, 1980. Iraq,Saddam invades Iran, Khomeini negotiates an end to it, and released hostages 1/20/1981 -
Ronald Reagan
He was born on February 6, 1911 and died on June 5, 2004. Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was part of the Republican Party. Reagan was a former governor of California.He was also a former actor in 40s and 50s.He was president of the US at the end of the cold war who encouraged Americans to mistrust communists. He survived an assassination attempt by John Hinckley. Mr.Godfrey's mom doesn't like him. -
Sandra Day O'Connor
Sandra Day O'Connor was born on March 26, 1930. She is a retired associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving from her appointment in 1981 by Ronald Reagan until her retirement in 2006. On July 7, 1981, President Reagan nominated Sandra Day O'Connor and she became the first woman to serve as a Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. In 1988 she was tested successfully for breast cancer and got her appendix removed. She favored the Equal Rights Amendment -
MTV
MTV is an American cable and satellite television channel owned by Viacom Media Networks and headquartered in New York City. MTV was founded on August 1, 1981. MTV played a big role in the 1980's boosting the careers of Madonna and Michael Jackson. It became a big part of people's/teenager's entertainment in the 80's and its still one of the most popular way of entertainment up to this day. -
Internet
Internet starts on military bases in the 60s to exchange data.in the 80s supercomputers allow communication on college campuses. The internet will be in ten millions of homes by the late 1990s. America Online (AOL) was email they had way back then and it was the slowest yet the coolest back in the day. Peronal Computers In 1994 – 6 million uses and by 2001 – 130 million.January 1, 1983, and from there researchers began to assemble the “network of networks” that became the modern Internet. -
A.I.D.S crisis
AIDS started affecting thousands of homosexuals in 1981.Most likely jumped from monkeys to humans in the early 1980's . It started to spread to heterosexual community through blood transfusions. It didn't receive much attention as perceived as a gay mans disease. Marchers came to convention as an attempt to bring national attention and pressure the democrats to do something. Feb 1, 1983 1025 AIDS cases reported and 394 had died. Fallwall said "AIDS is the wrath of god against homosexuals" . -
The Reagan Doctrine
U.S. supports guerrilla groups fighting communists. No longer contain, but get rid of Communism. Opposed the global influence of the Soviet Union during the final years of the Cold War; U.S. provided overt and covert aid to anti-communist guerrillas and resistance movements in an effort to "rollback" Soviet-backed communist governments in Africa, Asia, and Latin America; opening the door for capitalism. -
Challenger Explosion
On January 28, 1986, the NASA shuttle orbiter mission STS-51-L and the tenth flight of Space Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, killing all seven crew members.Shortly after the disaster, President Ronald Reagan appointed a special commission to determine what went wrong with Challenger and to develop future corrective measures. -
Oprah Winfrey
Winfrey was born January 29, 1954. She creates well-known talk show about issues and trends of the day. She is the greatest black philanthropist in American history, and is currently North America's first and only multi-billionaire black person, Oprah is one of the richest women in the world. Oprah supports Obama in 2008. She was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President Barack Obama and honorary doctorate degrees from Duke and Harvard.Her 1st show September 8, 1986 to May 25, 2011 -
Bill Clinton
Bill Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001. Clinton was part of the Democratic party. He is best known for his Lewinsky Affair and being one of the few Presidents to get impeached. Impeachment proceedings were based on allegations that Clinton had illegally lied about and covered up his relationship with 22-year-old White House employee Monica Lewinsky. His impeachment led a lot of people to mistrust presidents. -
George H. W. Bush
George H. W. Bush was born on June 12, 1924. George H. W. Bush is an American politician who was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993 and the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. He was part of the Republican party. He had lost the election of 1992 against democrat candidate Bill Clinton . His eldest son became the 43 president. After pearl harbor he enlisted for the navy on his 18th birthday. -
Al Gore
Al Gore was born on March 31, 1948. Gore is an American politician and environmentalist who served as the 45th Vice President of the United States from 1993 to 2001 under President Bill Clinton .Wanted to save the new government surplus for Social Security. He loosed the election of 2000, One of the closest elections in American history. -
World Trade Center Attack
On February 26, 1993, Terrorists explode massive car bombs in the basement parking garage of the World Trade Center they hoped to collapse the building. the bomb left only six story hole in the ground. The incident was quickly forgotten about and no one really payed attention to it. Osama bin Laden tries again and gets financing from sympathizers in Saudi Arabia. He builds complex terror network (al-Qaeda) -
Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell Policy
Up until 2011, a policy of "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was enforced for homosexuals in the military. This means that homosexuals are allowed in the military, but they are not allowed to tell people their sexuality or be asked it. Clinton’s new policy of allowing gays in the military if they didn’t tell anyone about it. The old policy did not allow gays in the military at all. It was the official policy on military service by homosexuals instituted by the Clinton Administration on February 28, 1994, -
Lionel Sosa
Lionel Sosa was born on 1939 . Lionel Sosa is a Mexican-American advertising and marketing executive. Hispanic advertising mogul. Sosa created famous ads for big corporations and presidential campaigns like Republican campaigns, including those of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush.In 1998 Sosa helped Texas Governor George W. Bush win strong support for his reelection bid from Hispanic voters Sosa was named one of the twenty five most influential Hispanics in America by Time Magazine -
Lewinsky Affair
Lewinsky Affair was a political sex scandal emerging in 1998, from a sexual relationship between 49 year old United States president, Bill Clinton, and a 22 year old White House employee, Monica Lewinsky. This led to the impeachment of President Clinton on December 19, 1998 by the U.S. House of Representatives and his subsequent acquittal on all impeachment charges of perjury and obstruction of justice in a 21 day Senate trial. He was found guilty because his DNA (semen) was on Lewinsky's dress. -
George Bush (baby bush)
George Bush was born July 6, 1946. He is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. He won the election of 2000, which was One of the closest elections in American history. -
9/11
The day in 2001 when Arab suicide bombers hijacked United States airliners and used them as bombs, Al-Qaeda terrorists, living in the U.S., hijacked 4 commercial airliners and crashed them into the Pentagon and World Trade Center. Osama bin Laden took responsibility for the attacks and triggered the U.S. to start a War with Afghanistan. They wanted to launch attacks and invade Afghanistan to depose the Taliban. 2,973 will die in the attacks. -
USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism.
After September 11, congress passed a security legislation in order to make the country safe. The Patriot Act gives the authorities and intelligence agencies allowed to conduct wide-sweeping searches and surveillance. Many opposed it because of executive overreach in power , It threatened individual liberties and invaded a personal privacy . Act was signed on October 26, 2001. -
No Child Left Behind
NCLB sets high standards and accountability for student achievement to make sure that all children are caught up to 21st century learning. States must develop proficiency standards for math and reading. Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) is the minimum benchmark that each student and district should meet. Schools that meet their AYP goals are rewarded, and schools that do not make their AYP goals 2 years in a row are labeled "in need of improvement." Bill was signed into law on Jan. 8, 2002. -
The Great Recession
The financial crisis that started in the summer of 2007 and intensified in September 2008 marked the end of an era for U.S. investment banking. By February 2010, 8.5 million jobs were lost.Economy went bust in the middle of the campaign (Fall 2008). Falling home prices, poor lending habits by banks, risky investments lead to massive foreclosures. Government forced to bail out failing banks, brokerage houses & insurance companies -
Barack Obama
Obama was born on August 4, 1961. Barack Hussein Obama II is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. He is the first African American to have served as president, as well as the first born outside the contiguous United States. He won the Election of 2008 against McCain. -
John McCain
John Sidney McCain III is an American politician who currently serves as the senior United States Senator from Arizona. He was the Republican nominee for the 2008 U.S. presidential election. He was a former Vietnam War prisoner (prisoner of war) and a former Navy pilot. He ran against G.W. Bush in 2000 and lost -
Sonia Sotomayor
She was born on June 25, 1954. Sonia Maria Sotomayor is an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving since August 2009. Obama nominates Sonia Sotomayor first Hispanic Justice.She has the distinction of being its first justice of Hispanic heritage, the first Latina, its third female justice, and its twelfth Roman Catholic justice.On May 26, 2009, President Barack Obama announced his nomination of Sotomayor for Supreme Court Justice. -
obamacare
Obama gets passed reforms for private health insurance. Everyone is required to have insurance or pay a fine. Many liberals upset it's not a single-payer system like Europe. Its an informal term for a federal law intended to improve access to health insurance for US citizens. The official name of the law is the Affordable Care Act or (in full) the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act.
