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Brown vs. Board of Education
pictureandtext In the case of Brown vs. Board of Education segragation in schools was deemed unconstitutional. This paved the way for large scale desegragation, and was also a huge victory for NAACP attorny Thurgood Marshall who would later be the supreme courts first black justice. -
Vietnam War Begins
pictureandtext North Vietnam desired to unify the entire country under a single communist regime, but the South Vietnamese government did not want this. The U.S. redesignated MAAG, Indochina, as MAAG, Vietnam to specify its new direct combat advisory role with the South Vietnamese Army. The U.S. basically took over the advisory role from the French, who left Vietnam after their defeat at Diem Bien Phu in 1954. -
Rosa Parks
pictureandtext In Montgomery, Alabama, NAACP member Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger and was immediately arrested. This commences a bus boycott. -
Election of 1956: Eisenhower as 2nd term president
picture The election of 1956 was a replay of 1952, with a popular majority still in favor of Ike. Ike ran againt Adlai Stevenson and won, beginning his second term. Everybody still liked Ike due to his ending of the korean war and many policies he enacted, but by this point he was in fragile health Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006</a> -
Interstate Highway System
picture President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, resulting in the Interstate System. This system became a huge part of American culture due to construction projects, transportation in daily lives, and part of the American way of life. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Montgomery Bus Boycott Success
pictureandtextThe buses were desegragated after an entire year of boycotts on Dec 21, 1956 thanks to Rosa Parks and reverund Martin Luther King Jr. This depicted how, with civil disobedience, blacks could get closer to full equality and sparked more movements and boycotts. -
SCLC
pictureandtext Martin Luther King, Charles K. Steele, and Fred L. Shuttlesworth establish the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, or SCLC. WHich becomes a major force in organizing the civil rights movement. King was its president and based its principles on nonviolence. -
Little Rock Nine
pictureandtextNine black students are blocked from entering, formerly all-white, Central High School on the orders of Governor of Arkansas Orval Faubus. In response, President Eisenhower sends federal troops and the National Guard to intervene. These tough students became known as the "Little Rock Nine." The bullying was so intense that only one ended up graduating.
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Sputnik
pictureSoviets beat the United States into outer space by launching Sputnik, the first earth satellite weighing 184 pounds. A month later they launched Sputnik II weighing 1,120 pounds and carrying a dog. This rattled American self confidence and increased science education. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
North Carolina Sit-In
pictureFour Black college freshmen demanded service at an all-white Woolworth's lunch counter. However, since they were denied service, the next day 19 more came, then 85, and by the end of a week a thousand, sparking more nonviolent movements across the south. SNCC (student nonviolent coordinating committee) was formed.
Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
JFK as president (1961-1963)
picture John F. Kennedy, a young millionaire senator from Massachusetts, squeezed through in the end with a close popular margin, and was elected president, becoming the first Catholic and the youngest elected president. Kennedy won many peoples votes with his idea of the "New frontier"-- space exploration. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Berlin Wall
pictureRefugees kept leaving from East to West Berlin by the thousands every week. So the Soviets decided to build the Berlin Wall to stop East Germans from trying to escape from communism. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
James Meredith
pictureandtextJames Meredith was accepted to the University of Mississippi, becoming the first black to ever enroll there. Riots broke out, so President Kennedy was forced to send 5,000 federal troops in. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
pictureThe US and Soviets were on the brink of nuclear war, so the US sent spy planes over Cuba to investigate. Pictures showed proof of Soviet missile construction in Cuba. Kennedy decided to impose a naval quarantine, which would not be an act of war. The soviets then agreed to stop the building. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
MLK Jr. Arrested
pictureandtextIn order to arouse more attention to progress black rights, MLK jr. forced officials to arrest him during anti-segregation protests in Birmingham. While in jail, he writes his "Letter from Birmingham Jail," arguing that individuals have the moral duty to disobey unjust laws. -
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
picturetextFour young girls (Denise McNair, Cynthia Wesley, Carole Robertson, and Addie Mae Collins) are killed when a bomb explodes at the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church, a popular location for civil rights meetings. They were attending sunday school there that day. Riots once again erupt in Birmingham. -
Kennedy's Assassination
picturePresident Kennedy was shot in the head by a concealed rifleman in Dallas, Texas and died within seconds. Vice president Johnson was promptly sworn in on the plane. For days the nation was in sorrow. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Vietnam progresses
pictureandtextFollowing the Gulf of Tonkin Incident, congress authorizes President Johnson to "take all necessary measures to repel any armed attack against forces of the United States and to prevent further aggression." So, the US wages total war against North Vietnam. -
Lyndon B. Johnson Runs for President (1963-1969)
picture Johnson mopped the floor in the election of 1964 with "The Great Society", a campaign pledge that won him the widest popular vote margin in U.S. history, which totaled 16 million votes. This society was composed of an America with considerable aid to education, medicare, and fighting poverty. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Medical Care
pictureMedicare for the elderly and Medicaid for the poor became a reality when Johnson signed the Medicare bill in 1965. This medicare made especially dramatic reductions in the incidence pf poverty among America's elderly. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Immigration Reform
pictureThe Immagration and Nationality Act of 1965 abolished the "national-origins" quota system that was enacted back in 1921. This allowed twice the amount of immagrants to enter annually and the immagrant stream swelled greatly, changing the racial and ethnic population in America. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Black Panthers
pictureandtextThe Black Panther militant party is formed by Huey Newton and Bobby Seale. They make a shift from nonviolent to violent means in order to obtain full racial equality. -
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Johnson's Civil Rights Bill
pictureandtextPresident Johnson signs the Civil Rights Act of 1968, which prohibits any form of discrimination in the sale, rental, and financing of housing. -
Nixon is Inaugurated (1969-1974)
pictureRichard Nixon, republican nominee, and deomcrat nominee Huburt Humphrey both were committed to carrying on the war in Vietnam until there was an "honorable peace", so a third party canidate, Wallace, also was in the running. In the end Nixon won, but Wallace was a formidable third party force. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Moon Landing
picturePresident Kennedy landed a man on the moon by the end of the 1960s, keeping his promise made after sputnik had been launched. Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
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Election of 1972
pictureGeorge McGovern, democratic nominee, promised to end the war in Vietnam in 90 days, gaining him support from anitwar protestors. However, Dr. Kissenger claimed peace was on the horizon for vietnam in a matter of days, reassuring Nixon's victory. He would ruin his reputation with the watergate scandal.
Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
Watergate
Five men were arrested in the Watergate complex for installing high level technology evesdropping material. Later, it was discovered that this event was only one of many of Nixon's dirty tricks such as: forging documents, using the IRS to harrass "enemies", and perverting the FBI and CIA to cover his tracks. He had a seize mentality which led to his downfall and resignation.
Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006 -
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Gerald R. Ford is inagurated (1974-1976)
pictureGerald Ford tried to mend watergate, but with inflation and energy shortages in the US, his presidency was not smooth sailing. He was a conservative, vetoing nearly all of the democrat's bills. However, he was successful in sustaining the middle east, avoiding war with israel and egypt, and continued detente, evacuating 250,000 south vietnamese when the north conquered south vietnam.
Kennedy, David., et al. The American Pageant. Thirteenth edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006
