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Bismark unifies Prussia and German Kingdoms
Bismarck completes efforts to unify Prussia and the German kingdoms into a single nation and has King Wilhelm I proclaimed Kaiser. -
France and Germany Treaty
France forced to sign humiliating treaty with Germany that ends the 1870-71 Franco-Prussian War. -
Period: to
World War I Pre-events
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Wilhelm II
After his father's untimely death, 29 year-old Wilhelm II becomes ruler, Kaiser Wilhelm II, of Germany. -
Nicholas II
Nicolas is crowned Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, a position he did not want. Germany and Russia do not renew a friendship treaty and begin their adversary relationship. -
Period: to
World War I
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Queen Victoria Death
Great Britain's Queen Victoria, whose bloodline runs through most of the ruling houses of Europe, dies. Sets spark in Britain. -
Russo-Japanese War
Russo-Japanese War results in disastrous defeat for Russia and major civil unrest at home -
Conflicts over Morocco
In 1905 and again in 1911, Germany and France nearly fought over who would control Morocco, in Northern Africa. Most of Europe supported France, so Germany backed down. This event is significant because it shows how imperialism, expanding an empire by taking over weaker countries, led to intense competition and conflict between European countries. -
"Bloody Sunday Massacre"
"Bloody Sunday Massacre" by Tsarist troops in St. Petersburg left Russian workers dead and cost Nicholas support among the workers and farmers. -
"Dreadnought" British Launch
British launch first "dreadnought" class battleship. -
Panama Canal is Built
U.S. builds Panama Canal and opens for operation. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria.
Archduke, Franz Ferdinand, is assassinated. -
Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife assassination
Archduke Franz Ferdinand heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and his wife are assassinated in Sarajevo. -
World War I Starts
World War I starts because Austria declares war on Serbia. -
Austria-Hungary War with Serbia
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. Russia mobilizes. -
Ottoman empire joins Germany
Ottoman empire joins Germany in an alliance. -
Germany invades Luxembourg.
Germany invades Luxembourg. -
Germany declares war on France and Belgium.
Germany declares war on France and Belgium. -
Germany invades Belgium to outflank the French army.
Germany invades Belgium[8] to outflank the French army. -
Belgian Neutrality Broken
Britain protests the violation of Belgian neutrality, guaranteed by a treaty -
War between Great Britain and Germany
Great Britain declares war on Germany -
War between Montenegro and Austria-Hungary
Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary. -
German capture of Liége, Belgium
The Germans besiege and then capture the fortresses of Liège, Belgium. -
War between Austria-Hungary and Russia
Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia. -
War between Serbia and Germany
Serbia declares war on Germany. -
War between Montenegro and Germany
Montenegro declares war on Germany. -
War between France and Austria-Hungary
France declares war on Austria-Hungary. -
War between United Kingdom and Austria-Hungary
The United Kingdom declares war on Austria-Hungary. -
Battle of the Frontiers
Battle of the Frontiers. The Germans obtain a victory against the British Expeditionary Force and France's Fifth Army. -
Battle of Stalluponen
The Russian army enters East Prussia. Battle of Stalluponen. -
German attack on East Prussia
The Germans attack the Russians in East Prussia. The attack is a failure in addition to being a violation of the Schlieffen Plan -
War between Austria-Hungary and Belgium
Austria-Hungary declares war on Belgium. -
War between Japan and Germany
Japan declares war on Germany. -
War between Japan and Austria-Hungary
Japan declares war on Austria-Hungary. -
British and French invade Togoland
British and French forces invade Togoland, a German protectorate in West Africa. -
Battle of Le Cateau
Battle of Le Cateau. Allied retreat. -
Battle of Lemberg
Battle of Lemberg. The Russians capture Lviv. -
Royal Navy victory at Heligoland Bight, North Sea
The Royal Navy wins the First Battle of Heligoland Bight, North Sea. -
Battle of Saint Quentin
Battle of Saint Quentin, aka Battle of Guise. Orderly Allied retreat. -
Austro-Hungarian defeat at Battle of Rava Russka
Austro-Hungarian defeat at the Battle of Rava Russka. -
First Battle of Marne
First Battle of the Marne begins. -
First Battle of Masurian Lakes
First Battle of the Masurian Lakes: The Russian Army of the Neman withdraws from East Prussia with heavy casualties. -
First Battle of Marne Ends
First Battle of the Marne ends in a French Victory, thus halting the German advance towards Paris, which results in stalemate. -
Russia loss at Masurian Lakes
Russia loses the First Battle of Masurian Lakes. First Battle of Aisne begins. Troops starts to construct trenches across the entire length of the western front. -
Austro-German attack Western Poland
Austro-German forces launch an attack into western Poland -
Lusitania Gets Sunk
German forces sink the British ship Lusitania. -
Tsar Nicholas takes command of Russian armies
Tsar Nicholas takes commands of Russian armies. -
British forces cause 60,000 Bristish deaths
British forces use gas in battle near Loos, but shifting winds cause 60,000 British casualties. -
French and German
Frech and German forces engage in battle at Verdun. -
Tanks first introduced
Tanks introduced for the first time on the Somme battlefield by the British. -
Russia offensice in Carpathia comes to an end
Russia's Brusilov offensive in Carpathia comes to an end, having nearly knocked Austria-Hungary out of the war. -
Germans break through northernmost Russian front
German troops break through the northernmost end of the Russian front during the Riga offensive. -
Battle of Megiddo
The British begin an offensive against Turkish forces in Palestine, the Battle of Megiddo. -
Battle of the Vardar
The Battle of the Vardar is fought against the Bugarians by Serb, Czech, Italian, French and British forces. The Meuse-Argonne offensive begins. this wll be the final Franco-American offensive of the war. -
Belgiam attacks Ypres
Belgian forces launch an offensive at Ypres. -
Negotiation with the Allies are concluded
Bulgaria concludes armistice negotiations with the Allies. -
Germany surrenders to United Kingdom
Germany's Hochseeflotte surrendered to the United Kingdom. -
Germans leave Luxembourg
The Germans evacuate Luxembourg. -
General von Lettow-Vorbeck
9 days after agreeing a cease-fire, General von Lettow-Vorbeck formally surrenders his undefeated army at Abercorn in present-day Zambia. -
Germans leave Belgium
The Germans evacuate Belgium. -
Germans leave Belgium
The Germans evacuate Belgium. -
Yugoslac Independence
Yugoslav independence proclaimed. -
Treaty of Versailes
Treaty of Versailles between the Allies and Germany: the Peace Conference opens in Paris -
Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted
Proposal to create the League of Nations accepted. -
German High Seas Fleet scuttled in Scapa Flow
German High Seas Fleet (53 ships) scuttled in Scapa Flow with nine deaths, the last casualties of the war. -
Treaty of Versailles signed
Treaty of Versailles signed. -
Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailes
Germany ratifies the Treaty of Versailles. -
United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailes
The United Kingdom ratifies the Treaty of Versailles. -
Leage of Nations Meeting - End of World War I
First meeting of the League of Nations held in London. Official end of World War I. -
Danzig established
Free City of Danzig established. -
Paris Peace Conference ends
The Paris Peace Conference ends. -
A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark
A plebiscite returns Northern Schleswig to Denmark. -
Leage of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East
Conference of Sanremo, Italy, about League of Nations mandates in former Ottoman territories of the Middle East. -
Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary
Treaty of Trianon between the Allies and Hungary. -
Treaty of Sévres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire
Treaty of Sèvres between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. The treaty is not recognized by the Turkish national movement, which considers the Istanbul government illegitimate. -
Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims
Gabriele D'Annunzio proclaims in Fiume the Italian Regency of Carnaro. -
Leage of Nation headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland
League of Nations headquarters moved to Geneva, Switzerland. -
Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia
Treaty of Rapallo between Italy and Yugoslavia. Zadar is annexed by Italy and the Free State of Fiume is established. -
Leage of Nations - first general assembly
The League of Nations holds its first general assembly.
