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Events Leading up to and During WW1
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An Altered Balance of Power in Europe
Germany surpassed Britain to become Europe's leading industrial power. -
Bosnia-Herzegovina
Great Powers recognized Serbia's independence from the Ottoman Empire and put Austria-Hungary in charge of Bosnia-Herzegovina. -
Shifting Alliance
Bismarck reduced Russian threat in 1881 by forming an alliance w/ Russia & Austria-Hungary called the Three Emperor's Alliance. -
Triple Alliance
Triple Alliance formed with Italy, Germany, & Austria-Hungary -
Wilhelm ll Takes the Throne
Was interested in creating an overseas empire. -
France Forms Alliance with Russia
Reinsurance Treaty- France takes advantage and formed an alliance with Russia in 1914. -
Triple Entente
Britain Joins France & Russia to create the Triple Entente -
Gavrilo Princip
Gavrilo Princip, a Bosnian Serb trained by Black Hand, killed Archduke France Ferdinand in Sarajevo. He triggered the Great War. -
Russian Loses on the Eastern Front
In Aug 1914, Russian armies pushed into eastern Germany. Then the Russians suffered a disastrous defeat at Tannenberg, causing them to retreat. As the least industrialized of the great powers, Russia was poorly equipped to fight a modern war. -
The First Battle of Marne
British & French troops pushed back the German drive along the Marne River - the first battle of Marne ended Germany's hopes for a quick victory on the Western Front. -
Austria Strikes Back
Austria sent Serbia a sweeping ultimatum - Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official involved in the murder plot. It must even let Austria join in the investigation. Serbia agreed to most, but not all of the terms. The partial refusal gave Austria the opportunity it was seeking. On July 28, 1914, Austria declared war on Serbia. -
Austria-Hungary Declares War
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Germany Declares War on Russia
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Germany Declares War on France
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Poison Gas
1st Germany and then the Allies began using this. Blinded or choked its victims or caused agonizing blisters & burns; winds could move it around back on those who launched it. -
New Combatants in the Balkans & Southern Europe
Bulgaria joined Central Powers, helped defeat its old rival Serbia. Also in 1915, Italy declared war on Austria-Hungary, then later Germany. Italians & Austrians fought 11 battles. -
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Battle of Gallipoli
The Allies sent a massive force of British, Indian, Australian & New Zealander troops to attempt to open up the strait. Turkish troops trapped the Allies on the beaches of the Gallipoli peninsula. In Jan 1916, after 10 months & 200k+ casualties, the Allies finally withdrew from the Dardanelles. -
The Human Cost
Because of the stalemate on the Western Front, both Allies & Central powers launched massive offensives in 1916 - the 11 month struggle cost more than a half a million casualties. -
A Revolt Against Ottoman Rule
In 1916 Arab nationalists led by Husayn ibn Ali (HOO sayn IB un AH lee) declared a revolt against Ottoman rule. Eventually, the Ottoman empire lost a great deal of territory to the Arabs, including the key city of Baghdad. -
A Fight for Italy
Austrians & Germans launched a major offensive against the Italian position at Caporetto; Italians retreated in disarray. British & French forces later helped stop the Central Powers’ advance into Italy. Still, Caporetto proved as disastrous for Italy as Tannenberg had been for Russia
