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70
The Jewish Temple on Mount Moriah is destroyed by the Romans.
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570
Muhammad was born.
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595
Muhammad became a trader and business manager for Khadijah
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600
Arabs had chosen to settle in an oasis or in a market town.
Larger towns near the western coast of Arabia became market towns, for local, regional, and long-distance trade goods. -
600
Trade routes connected Arabia to the major ocean and land trade routes.
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610
Muhammad belived he was called by the angel Gabriel, and his life was changed overnight.
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613
Muhammad begins to preach pubicly in Mecca.
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622
Muhammad leaves Mecca moving to Yathrib.
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630
Muhammad and 10,000 of his followers marched to the outskirts of Mecca.
Facing sure defeat, Mecca's leaders surrendered. Muhammad entered the city in triumph. He destroyed the idols in the Ka'aba and had the call to prayer made from it's roof. Most Mecans pledged their loyalty to Muhammad, and many converted to Islam. By doing so, they joined the umma, or Muslim religious community. -
632
Muhammad dies.
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632
Abu-Bakr becomes the first caliph.
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Period: 632 to 750
Highly mobile troops mounted on camels are successful in conquering lands in the name of Allah.
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634
Abu-Bakr dies.
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656
Uthman was murdered, starting a civil war.
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661
Ali (Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law) is assasinated.
The elective system of choosing a caliph died with him. -
691
The Dome of the Rock is completed.
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732
The Berber army is halted at the Battle of Tours.
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750
Rebel groups overthrow the Umayyads.
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750
Abbasids come to power and ruthlessly murder the remaning members of the Umayyad family.
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Period: 750 to 1258
The Abbasid caliphate lasted.
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762
Abbasids moove the capital of the empire to Baghdad, in centeral Iraq.