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Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusaders are Fought.
The Crusaders were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims. It took place during the medieval period. The 1st crusade was the capture of Jerusalem. The main goal was to control Jerusalem & Holy Land. The 2nd crusade was unsuccessful, and the 3rd crusade recaptured Jerusalem. The 4th crusade wanted the holy land, but changed there mind's and wanted Constantinople instead. Then the 5th through 9th crusades weren't successful with gaining control of the holy land or Jerusalem. -
1300
Renaissance Begins.
the Renaissance is a period from the 14th and 17th century. It started as a cultural movement in Italy. There were changes in thinking during the Renaissance such as art, science, astronomy, religion and etc. The events that occurred in the Renaissance impacted and helped change the future. -
1337
100 Year War Begins.
The 100 year war was a conflict between France and England. The war originally lasted for 116 years. It started because because Charles IV of France died without a son. And Edward III of England believed he could become the king of France. Also really known as the confiscation of Aquitaine which is a point of fiction between France and England and they both wanted to hold it. -
1347
Black Death Begins in Europe.
It arrived in Europe by sea when Trading ships crossed the black sea to deliver to Europe the people on the ship had caught the black death. Most of the sailors on the ships were dead and the one that were still alive were extremely ill. The Sicilian authorities ordered the fleet of the ships out of the harbor, but it was too late over the next 5 years 20 million people of the population died. -
1431
Joan of Arc burned at the Stake
Joan a peasant girl that believed god wanted her to lead the France and England war without any military training. After seeing that the prince crowned King Charles VII Joan was captured and charged for witchcraft and heresy she was then burned three times at the stake. she was known as one of greatest saints. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg invents printing press.
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press by using replaceable and moveable wooden or metal letters. This was a great revolution in the production of books. But also developing arts, and religion through the transmission of texts. Gutenberg's most famous things that was printed on paper was the bible. -
1453
Fall of Constantinople
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1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
The Spanish Inquisition was one of the most deadly inquisitions in history. It was used for both political and religious reasons. It started because the leaders of Spain needed a way to unify the country into a strong nation. They then asked permission from the pope to start the Spanish inquisition so they could purify the people of Spain. they began by driving out Jews, Protestants, and other non-believers that weren't Catholic. -
Period: Jun 28, 1491 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII Reign
Henry Vlll was the king of England. He began his rule on April 20th, 1509. Henry ruled until his death. King Henry was the second Tudor monarch. He succeeded his father Henry Vll. -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New world.
Columbus sat sail on August 3rd, 1492 with three small ships. Land was sighted on October 12th, and the crew went ashore the same day. Christopher Columbus claimed land for Spain. This land is known as present day Venezuela. Later that month he also spotted Cuba. -
Period: 1492 to 1492
Columbian Exchange
The columbian exchange was a transfer of humans, cultures, plants, and various technologies. This took place in the 1400's and 1500's, between the old world, and the new americans. Many populations suffered losses from diseases brought over by the Europeans. Some crops, such as potatoes, and tomatoes, had never been grown anywhere other than South America, and became staples in the diets of many European cultures as well. -
1506
Mona Lisa Completed.
The Mona Lisa was painted by the famous artist Leonardo da' Vinci. The Mona Lisa is a half-length portrait of a figure believed to be the wife of Francesco del Giocondo,. The painting is an original oil painting on white. Leonardo started the piece in Italy and finished it in France. King Francis I claimed the painting as one of French Republic's property and since then it has been on display at one of the most famous museums. -
1508
Michelangelo begins painting the sistine chapel.
The Sistine Chapel is cornerstone art, and it was painted at the commission of Pope Julius II. The ceiling's have various painted elements form part of a larger scheme's. Central to the ceiling decoration are nine scenes from the Book of Genesis. The complex design includes several sets of individual figures, which helped create a huge variety of poses for the human figure and provided poses for models and artists ever since. -
1513
"The Prince"
Machiavelli wrote "The Prince" as an appeal to Lorenzo De'Medici. In this book Machiavelli gives advice about gaining, and controlling political power. He believes there should be a strong central leader, in order to maintain the people. But the book was not published until Machiavelli died in 1532. That's when everyone started to think that becoming a ruler would give them all the power. -
Aug 17, 1517
Martin Luther posts 95 theses
Martin Luther became one of Western history's most significant figure. Luther was a monk and a scholar. But in 1517 he wrote a document the 95 Theses to attack Catholic Churches for selling indulgences. His writings ended up changing the course of religion and cultural history. Although these ideas had been advanced before, Martin Luther codified them at a moment in history ripe for religious reformation. -
1521
Cortez conquers the Aztecs
Hernan Cortés invaded Mexico in 1519 and conquered the Aztec Empire. Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador, or conqueror, best remembered for conquering the Aztec empire in 1521, and claiming Mexico for Spain. Cortés's role in the Age of Exploration was influential. The Spanish army had help in sacking the city. Though Cortés enslaved much of the native population. -
Period: 1533 to 1547
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
Ivan the Terrible was the Grand Prince of Moscow. He ruled from from 1533 to 1547. Then after that he became Tsar of All the Russias . He did this until his death. He was named Ivan the Terrible because of his strict rule and violent outbursts. -
Period: Sep 7, 1533 to
Queen Elizabeth's Reign
Elizabeth's reign is known as the Elizabethan era. The period is famous for English drama. Towards the end of her reign, a series of economic and military problems weakened her popularity. Such was the case with Elizabeth's rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, whom she imprisoned in 1568 and had executed in 1587. After the short reigns of Elizabeth's half-siblings, her 44 years on the throne provided welcome stability for the kingdom and helped forge a sense of national identity. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Counter Reformation
Counter-Reformation also know as Catholic-Reformation. It took place during roughly the same period as the protestant reformation. Paul III is considered to be the pope of the Counter-Reformation. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Peace of Augsburg, was temporary settlement within the Holy Roman Empire of the religious conflict arising from the Reformation. Each prince was to determine whether Lutheranism or Roman Catholicism was to prevail in his lands. Dissenters were allowed to emigrate, and the free cities were obligated to allow both Catholics and Lutherans to practice their religions. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a fleet of 130 Ships which set sail in 1588. The Spanish Armada started to overthrow England's protestant queen, and the purpose of the fleet was to assist invasion of England. But when returning they had a disastrous voyage, and lost many people due to diseases. The Spanish Armada is ranked amongst England's greatest military victories. -
Edicts of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes granted the Calvinist protestants of France substantial rights. It ended the wars of religion. But it was soon revoked by Louis XIV in 1685, which caused many huguenots to emigrate. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
The samurai/ Bushi were the warriors of premodern Japan. They made up the ruling military class that eventually became the highest ranking social caste. Samurai used a range of weapons such as bows and arrows, spears and guns, but their main weapon and symbol was the sword. Bushido stressed concepts such as loyalty to one's master, self discipline and respect. Many samurai also practiced Zen Buddhism. -
Williams Shakespeares death
The cause of Shakespeare's death is a mystery, but people believe Shakespeare died of a fever. There was a serious outbreak of typhus, known as the "new fever", in 1616 (the year Shakespeare died). Unfortunately, Shakespeare's death at the age of fifty-two will almost surely remain a mystery. There was a ton of diseases back then, that limited Londoner's life expectancy to thirty-five years, so there could be a ton of different reasons as to why Shakespeare died. -
Petition of Rights
A statement of civil liberties sent by the English Parliament to Charles I. The Petition of Right, was based upon earlier statutes and charters and asserted four principles: no taxes may be levied without consent of Parliament; no subject may be imprisoned without cause; no soldiers may be quartered upon the citizenry; martial law may not be used in time of peace. The petition was to protect the right of the people, but soon Charles the I violated those rights. -
King Charles the first executed
In London King Charles the first was executed for treason. He responded to political opposition to his rule by dissolving Parliament on several occasions and in 1629 decided to rule entirely without Parliament. In 1642, the bitter struggle between king and Parliament for supremacy led to the outbreak of the first English civil war. In 1648, Charles was forced to appear before a high court controlled by his enemies, where he was convicted of treason and sentenced to death -
Period: to
Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was likely the most costly in human life of all of long-distance global migrations. The first slave voyage direct from Africa to the Americas probably sailed in 1526. More than 8/10 Africans forced into the slave trade made their journeys. The Middle Passage was dangerous and miserable for African slaves. Sexes were separated, kept naked, packed close together, and the men were chained for long periods. About 12% of those who embarked did not survive the voyage. -
Lord George MaCartney Expelled
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Period: to
Opium War
Opium Wars, two armed conflicts in China. The first Opium War was fought between China and Britain, and the second Opium War,or the arrow war the was fought by Britain and France against China. Both wars were victorious and gained territorial concessions in China. The conflicts marked the start of the era of unequal treaties and other inroads on Qing sovereignty that helped weaken and top the dynasty.
