World History 2 Timeline

Renaissance begins

Sep 1, 1200

Renaissance means rebirth of classical ideas, art, and learning. New intellectual and artistic ideas that developed during the Renaissance marked the "birth" of the modern world. Art was religious. Renaissance values are Humanism & Secularism.

World History 2 Timeline

Period: Sep 1, 1200 to Sep 1, 2014

Prince Henry founds navigation school in Portugal

Oct 17, 1418

Prince Henry (the Navigator) founds navigation school in Portugal in 1418.

Prince Henry founds navigation school in Portugal

Dec 11, 1418

He started a school for oceanic navigation. The students were trained in navigation, map-making, and science.

Byzantine capital of Constantinople conquered and renamed Istanbul by the Muslim Ottomans

Oct 1, 1451

Mehmet II, an Ottoman sultan, took Constantinople. He renamed the city Istanbul- capital of the Ottoman empire. This made the Ottoman Empire a political and economic power. This ends the (Christian) Byzantine Empire.

Columbus' first voyage

Oct 17, 1492

Christopher Columbus goes on his first voyage in 1492. He's looking for a route to Asia. He ends up in the Americas.

Treaty of Tordesillas

Jun 7, 1494

This treaty was ratified on July 2, 1494 in Spain. The Treaty of Tordesillas was ratified on September 4, 1494 in Portugal. The Line of Demarcation divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Portugal and Spain.

Michelangelo's "David"

Oct 1, 1500

Michelangelo was a Renaissance artist. He painted the Sistine Chapel's ceiling & sculpted David.

Leonardo da Vici paints the "Mona Lisa"

Oct 1, 1503

Leonardo da Vinci is a painter, sculptor, inventor, and scientist. He created the "Mona Lisa," which is a half-length portrait of a woman.

Michelangelo's painting of the Sistine Chapel

Oct 1, 1508

Michelangelo painted the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Michelangelo painted from a standing position and not a laying down position.

Erasmus writes "The Praise of Folly"

Sep 1, 1509

"The Praise of Folly" is an essay written in Latin in 1509. It was first printed in 1511.

Cortez conquers the Aztecs

Period: Feb 17, 1519 to Aug 17, 1521

Hernan Cortez was named commander. He had never been a commander before. His army consisted of 550 soldiers. Most of the soldiers hadn't been in combat before.

Cortez captures the Aztecs

Aug 13, 1521

Hernan Cortez and his men capture the Aztecs.

Pizzaro conquers the Inca

Oct 17, 1529

169 Spanish soldiers under Francisco Pizzaro and their native allies captured the Incas in the Battle of Cajamarca. The Battle of Cajamarca was in 1532.

Nicolaus Copernicus developed heliocentric theory

Dec 1, 1543

Copernicus, a Polish scientist, developed the heliocentric theory. This theory said: the sun is the center of the universe, not the earth.

Shakespeare writes "the tragedy of Julius Caesar"

Oct 1, 1599

Shakespeare is an English playwright and poet. It's believed that Shakespeare wrote "the Tragedy of Julius Caesar" around 1599. The play portrays the conspiracy against Julius Caesar, his assassination, and the defeat of the conspirators at the Battle of Philippi.

Galileo Galilei used telescope to support heliocentric theory

Aug 25, 1609

Galileo was an Italian scientist. He supported the heliocentric theory. This began a conflict between the church and Galileo. His views went against the church's beliefs, and he was forced to recant his beliefs.

Johannes Kepler discovered planetary motion

Oct 13, 1609

Johannes Kepler was a German scientist. He discovered the laws of planetary motion. The laws of planetary motion said mathematical laws govern planetary motion. Kepler said that orbits were elliptical.

William Harvey discovered circulation of the blood.

Jan 1, 1628

Harvey was an English doctor. He published On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals.

Taj Mahal built

Oct 1, 1648

Taj Mahal is a mausoleum that's located in India. It was built by Muhgal Emperor, Shah Jahan, in memory of his wife.

Oliver Cromwell and the execution of Charles I

Dec 11, 1648

Oliver Cromwell was an English military leader and political leader. Charles I was the monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland. He was put on trial for treason, and then he was executed.

Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan

Dec 13, 1651

Thomas Hobbes was an English thinker. He believed that humans are naturally evil. He thought that people need a governement.

The Restoration of Charles II

Dec 10, 1660

Charles II was a monarch of England, Scotland, and Ireland. After the death of Oliver Cromwell, Charles II's chances of becoming king was slim. The English Parliament granted Charles II an annual income to run the government.

Louis XIV builds palace of Versailles

Dec 11, 1682

The Palace of Versailles is a palace that is in France. This building is a symbol of absolute monarchy.

Isaac Newton formulated law of gravity

Jul 5, 1687

Isaac Newton was an English scientist. He published Mathematical Principals of Natural Philosophy.

Glorious Revolution (William and Mary)

Dec 11, 1688

This was the time where King James II was overthrown. William and Mary took the throne.

English Bill of Rights of 1689

Dec 16, 1689

This lays down limits on the powers of the crown and sets out the rights of Parliament and rules for freedom of speech in Parliament. It also gives the people the right to petition without the fear of retribution.

Peter the Great builds St. Petersburg

May 27, 1703

St. Petersburg is a city and federal subject that's located on the Neva River. St. Petersburg was the imperial capital of Russia.

Death of Louis XIV

Sep 1, 1715

Radicals seized power. 20,000 Parisians invaded the palace where the royal family was staying. They then imprison Louis XIV, Marie Antoinette, and their children. Louis was tried for treason by the National Convention, found guilty, and sentenced to death.

Montesquieu's The Spirit of Laws

Jun 15, 1748

Montesquieu was a French writer. He came up with the seperation of powers. He came up with Checks and Balances.

Jean-Jacques Rousseau's The Social Contract

Feb 13, 1762

Rousseau was a Swiss writer. The Social Contract is free individuals agreeing to create a society and government to protect their rights.

The American colonies win independence from England

Jul 4, 1776

In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the Continental Congress adopts the Declaration of Independence, which proclaims the independence of a new USA from Great Britain and its king.

Thomas Jefferson's The Declaration of Independence

Jul 4, 1776

The Declaration of Independence was based on Locke's ideas. This document argued for natural rights. The Declaration of Independence also listed grievances as justification for revolution.

Storming of the Bastille

Jul 14, 1789

People gathered weapons in order to defend Paris against the King's Swiss mercenary army. They then attack the Bastille to get gunpowder.

Reign of Terror

Period: Jul 13, 1793 to Jul 13, 1794

Maximilien Robespierre violently ruled France. His goal was to create a republic of virtue. This was to be done by wiping out every trace of monarchy, nobility, and religion.

Napoleon becomes emperor

Period: Mar 17, 1805 to Apr 11, 1814

Napoleon's goal: unify Europe under French domination. He came up with Napoleonic code: comprehensive, uniform set of laws.

Congress of Vienna meets

Period: Oct 20, 1814 to Mar 7, 1815

The Congress of Vienna attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests. The Congress of Vienna had 3 achievements: Containment of France, Balance of Powers, and Legitimacy.

Napoleon dies

May 5, 1821

Before he died, Napoleon attempted to blockade England's trading access to Europe. Napoleon's attempt to unify Europe under French domination was unsuccessful. He also lost in the Battle of Waterloo, and he exiled to St. Helena.