Fhlgsqcviao qlr

Western Civ Final

By Asperitas
  • 1415

    Portugal: Portugal conquers Ceuta

    Portugal conquers Ceuta, a part of the African north coast
  • 1420

    Portugal: Portugal settles in Atlantic islands

    Islands of Madeira and Azores are taken by Portugal to establish trading posts along the west coast of Africa
  • Period: 1451 to 1506

    Spain: Christopher Columbus

    Columbus was a strongly religious man born in Genoa. He worked as a map maker before being inspired by Spain and their recent conquest of Grenada and decided to go on his own voyages.
  • Period: 1473 to 1543

    Nicholas Copernicus

    Copernicus was a polish clergyman who gained a heliocentric view of the world (sun is at the center) much to the Church's dismay
  • 1492

    Spain: Columbus' first trans-Atlantic voyage

    Searching for an alternative route to Asia, he reaches the Caribean islands.
  • 1492

    50 000 000 native people in the Americas

  • 1497

    England: Cabot reaches Newfoundland

    The voyage is not followed up due to internal difficulties in England
  • Period: 1497 to 1499

    Portugal: Vasco de Gama rounds the Cape of Good Hope and reaches India

    Lisbon becomes the entrance port for Asian goods in Europe. Spices in particular are popular for their portability, value and exotic taste.
  • Period: 1503 to

    Spain: 16 000 000 kg of silver and 185 000 kg of gold is gained

    thanks colonies bby
  • 1518

    African slave trade to the Americas begins

  • 1519

    Spain: Hernandes Cortes conquers the Aztec empire

    Cortes crosses from Hispaniola to Mexico and conquers the Aztec empire with advantages such as disease outbreaks, local allies, horses and gunpowder.
  • Period: 1519 to 1522

    Spain: Magellan circumnavigates the globe

  • 1532

    Spain: Pizzaro lands in Peru

  • Period: 1534 to 1541

    France: Jacques Cartier's voyages

    Cartier makes 2 voyages
  • 1543

    Copernicus publishes "On the Revolutio of Heavenly Spheres"

    He shares his heliocentric ideas which are attacked as they go against the Genesis. They persist however through later scientists like Brahe, Kepler and Galileo.
  • Period: 1564 to

    Galileo Galilei

    He elaborates and consolidates scientific method, formulates the law of inertia and finally uses a telescope to confirm the Copernian hypothesis in 1609.
  • 1570

    Spain: Spain conquers Incan Empire

    The conquests were aided by disease, horses, gunpowder and local allies.

  • England: English colony founded at Roanoke

    All the settlers die
  • Period: to

    Rule of Henri IV

    Its ya BOy, the reason behind the war oops Henry IV is the king of France during the Wars of Religion, a war in which he perishes. Despite this, he establishes the Bourbon dynasty and manages to bring peace and economic reconstruction to France after decades of civil war. He also issues the Edict of Nantes in 1598 (See Edict of Nantes) (Obviously) (its on the other timeline). Henry IV used the noblesse de la robe, the new nobility which tended to be more supportive of the king, to govern.

  • 275 000 African slaves sold

    Total of the 16th century
  • Period: to

    Rule of James l

    James l is the Scottish cousin of Elizabeth l. He believed in the king's divine right and somehow managed to alienate Catholics, Calvanists and Anglicans all together. He faced a lot of opposition, but never any open rebellion.

  • England: English colony was founded in Virginia

  • France: Samuel de Champlain founds a permanent settlement in Quebec

    They find fish and whales.

  • Henry IV is assassinated by a Catholic fanatic

    I see you Ravaillac, kinda sus ngl You dont need to know Ravaillac did it, its just a tidbit of knowledge I've mysteriously acquired over the years
  • Period: to

    Rule of Louis Xlll

    Son of Henry IV, he becomes king when the previous one is assassinated. There's a regency era where his mother Marie de Medici takes over but you dont need to know that. With his chief minister, Richelieu, Louis Xlll pursues 3 main policies:
    1. Asserting royal control over the nobility using noblesse de la robe
    2. Destroying Huguenot political privileges
    3. Increasing French power in Europe
    He's also the one who rules France during most of the 30 Years' War.
  • Period: to

    30 Years' War

    Following the "Defenestration of Prague", a conflict sparked between Calvanists and Catholics across Europe. Because of the current Holy Roman Emperor being a Hasburg, France actually joins the Calvanists to take down their traditional enemy, the Hasburgs (ik you've legit never heard of them before now but just roll with me here).
    This war turns France into one of the most powerful countries in Europe
    This war has the highest death count in European war history up until the 20th century (oops).
  • Period: to

    Rule of Charles l

    Charles l was the son of James l and continued on with his father's policies. Just as astoundingly astute as his predecessor, he successfully antagonizes parliament and persecutes Puritans. He also marries the Catholic sister of Louis Xlll of France and allows her to practice her religion at court despite the very anty Catholic stance Britain supposedly held.

  • Galilei publishes "Dialogue on the Two Chief Systems of the World"

    This proves the Copernian hypothesis and demonstrates the tension between old religious views and newer scientific ones. Though he is charged with heresy and publicly recants his claims, Galilei's ideas prevail.
  • Period: to

    John Locke

    As the most widely read philosopher of his time, he believed that a person was a blank slate at birth and the right to govern should be granted by consent. (Consent doesnt need to be explicit) In return, the government is expected to rule justly by protecting property and ensuring the libetries for the propertied. An unjust government could be overthrown while a constitutional government was the best defense of property and rights. These ideas influenced the American and French revolutions.

  • Scotland invades England

    Charles l recalls Parliament to raise money and an army to fight this threat. In return, they force the king to agree not to disband them without their consent.
  • Period: to

    The Long Parliament

    No clue what this means, I'll update it later but ig parliament was just real long at some point. How many yards i wonder...

  • Uprising in Ireland marks final break between King and Parliament

    Smooth moves there Charles l

  • France: Ville-Marie is founded

  • Period: to

    Civil War in England

    jeez Charles l, just when we thought you couldn't get any better you proved us wrong!!! Cavaliers (Royalists) fought against the Roundheads (New Model Army led by Oliver Cromwell) Parliamentary forces win numerous victories
  • Period: to

    Sir Isaac Newton

    This man manages to develop calculus, the 3 laws of motion and discovers gravity all while uniting the theory and experimentation of science with mathematical concepts of modern science.
  • Period: to

    Rule of Louis XIV, Roi Soleil

    Heavily influenced by La Fronde, Louis XIV becomes king at age 4. His mother becomes regent until he takes over at age 23 in 1661. As the sole ruler, he believed in the devine right of his rule and that God had established kings on earth. He projected power and was all like "L'État c'est moi" ok bro chill He lived in the center of Versaille to show that he's at the center of France and of the world. He also agressively developped New France and issued the Edict of Fontainebleau.

  • King Charles l is tried for treason

    smooth moves brought to you by Charles l as always

  • Charles l surrenders to the Scots and is imprisonned

  • Public execution of Charles l

    Chaos and disorder erupts as a result while England turns into a Republic with a one-house parliament (Commonwealth).
  • Period: to

    An estimation of 10 million African slaves are brought to the Americas

  • House of Commons tries to dismantle Cromwell's army

    Cromwell disbands Parliament and names himself "Lord Protector"
  • Period: to

    Cromwell rules England under military dictatorship

    Throughout his rule, Cromwell enforces a strict puritan public morality.

  • Cromwell dies and his son is named successor

    You'll never guess what happens next
  • Period: to

    The Restoration

    Parliament reinstates the monarchy with Charles ll being invited to take the throne. My man, a big champ like his father, tries to reestablish royal absolutism. He is, however, bound to call Parliament into session every 3 years and they heavily curtail royal power over taxation. He also had Catholic sympathies.

  • Louis XIV takes over the throne at age 23

  • Parliament passes the Test Act

    This was an oath of Protestant loyalties to prevent Catholics from holding public office.

  • France: Lasalle sails down the Mississippi to the Gulf of Mexico

    They call the left side of Mississippi Louisiana after king Louis XIV.

  • Edict of Fontainebleau

    Louis XIV issued this to revoke the Edict of Nantes. This unleashes a campain of active persecution, destroys churches and schools, bans Huguenots from emigration (though 200 000 manage to flee France) all while both illustrating and strengthening the French king's absolute power. "one king, one law, one faith"

  • Death of Charles ll

    Nah rip, you were cool while you lasted He converts to Catholicism on his death bed haha baller move
  • Period: to

    Rule of James ll

    Brother of Charles ll (lets call them the "twos" they're a pair of twos thats funny im getting tired can you tell), James ll was a Catholic and called for a repeal of the Test Act. Actively violating the Test act, he placed Catholics in high offices and for some reason it matters that he had a son in 1688, not that this kid ever comes back in the west civ lore so idk

  • Newton publishes "Principia"

    This synthesices new astronomy and physics into a systematic explanation of physical laws.

  • Parliament asks Mary and her husband William to take the English throne

    DONT WORRY they aren't random people named Mary and William! Mary is the eldest daughter of James ll and her husband is actually the king of the Netherlands. Though James ll fless to France and doesn't abdicate the throne, Parliament declares the throne as vacant and gives it to William lll and Mary ll

  • William lll and Mary ll sign the Bill of Rights

    It's a quid pro quo which curtails royal power and becomes part of the Constitution. This officially turns England into a Parliamentary/Constitutional monarchy. This is where the monarchy and the parliament share sovereignty as the king rules with the consent of the governed.
  • Period: to

    Baron de Montesquieu

    Montesquieu admired the English seperation of powers, which he believed prevented despotism. He also said that forms of government are shaped by history, geography and customs, which, at the time, was a revolutionary idea. For reference, the English system worked as such: King - Executive power
    Parliament (Includes House of Lords and House of Commons) - Legislative power
    Courts - Judiciaty power Montesquieu had an important influence on the American constitution of 1776.
  • Period: to

    Voltaire

    Voltaire was the pen name of a Francois Marie Arouet, a wealthy and bourgeois man. In his 20s, he was imprisoned for isulting a Duke. As a result, he spends time in England, discovering the revolutionary ideas of the Enlightenment and of the Scientific Revolution. His work encourages people to think and use reason.

  • Only 9 000 000 native people remain in the Americas

  • 1 000 000 African slaves sold

    Total of the 17th century

  • Charles ll of Spain dies without a direct male heir

    The Spanish throne is thus left to Louis XIV's grandson, but obviously Spain doesn't want that because "woah guys that's our throne you can just have both countries what" and then war happened because what else happens its western civ, aside from la révolution tranquille i have literally never seen anything not turn into a war in this
  • Period: to

    War of Spanish Succession

    Because Charles ll of Spain doesn't have a heir and France technically has rights to the throne, things get spicy. Fought in both Europe and the colonies, this war is the longest and final one of Louis XIV's reign. It is concluded with Philip of Anjou being recognized as king Philip V of Spain, but neither him not his successors can now occupy the French throne. So he gets it but was it worth it??

  • Treaty of Utrecht

    This treaty is an outcome of the Spanish War of Succession. France loses territories, namely Newfoundland, Acadia, Nova Scota and some land surrounding Hudson's Bay. It is now sandwiched by Britain, who also controls the coast and blocks the entrance of the ocean to French land. Great Britain also gets their hands on the asiento, the contract to supply Spanish America with their slaves for 30 years. This boosts GB into power and increases France's debt problem.

  • Montesquieu publishes "Spirit of the Laws"

    The book is a comparative study of governments.

  • Peak of trans-Atlantic slave trade

    The date is meant to be an average of the whole 18th century.
    Throughout this century, the primarily Britain dominated trade attained 6 000 000 sold slaves.

  • Europe population reaches 140 million

  • Period: to

    Maximilien Robespierre

    Leader of the Jacobins and founder of the Comitee of Public Safety, Robespierre establishes a planned economy and harnesses all of the country's ressources to fight the war (levée en masse)

  • James Watt improves the steam engine

    1760 is more of an average, you want to say more like 1760s. The steam engine becomes a practical and commercial success by the 1780s. This changed trade, military planning, pattern of work and transportation.
  • Period: to

    British cotton production increases 20 times

    Beginning of factory systems.
  • Period: to

    American Revolution

    This was a cause of the French revolution as the French supported the American revolutionaries financially.

  • France joins the American Revolution

    This decision contributed to France's financial crisis, gave a training ground for French revolutionaries and allowed people to bear witness to a new American system based on Montesquieu's ideas.

  • The Estate General meet at Versailles

    Covened by Louis XVI, the event was an attempt to solve the country's fiscal crisis.

  • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen

  • Peasant revolts in the countryside

    During the summer of 1789, peasants in the countryside are in open revolt. They storm and burn down noble houses, as these buildings held feudal obligation records, and then seize the land to redistribute it.

  • Abolition of feudal privileges

    Things like dues, hunting and fishing were abolished

  • The National Assembly is declared

    The National Assembly was made of the 3rd Estate and some sympathizers who disagreed with the other two Estates. They were locked out of the meeting room.

  • Tennis Court Oath

    The National Assembly swears not to disband until they have a constitution that will protect their rights. The king calls foreign troups and there are suspicions of him trying to dissassemble the National Assembly.

  • Storming of the Bastille

    Workers of Paris gather outside the Bastille, a building which acted as a royal prison and an ammunition depot. Guards fire on the crowd, killing 98 civilians. In response, the crowd storms into the Bastille, kills the governor, place his head on a pike and parade it through the streets of Paris. This was the first violent act of the revolution and it spread fear to the nobility and the king.

  • Women of Paris march on Versaille

    Groups of women from Paris march all the way to Versaille and force the royal family to Paris. A constitutional monarchy is finally created where the king is head. The National Assembly now form the legislative body and voting requires property qualification. This is when the bourgeoisie and the peasants get want they want.

  • 1790 Statistics about American population

    Out of 3 929 625 Americans, a total of 757 181 people were from African origins

  • Flight to Varenes

    The royal family tries to flee to Austria but is brought back to Paris and put under house arrest. This proved a potential counter revolutionary threat and spread mistrust of the king.

  • Declaration of Pillnitz

    Austria and Prussia state they are willing to intervene in France's issues. They fear the spread of revolutionary ideas as they are both also ruled by absolute monarchy.

  • Crowd attacks the palace

    The National Assembly suspends the king from all functions and imprisons him. They then call for a National Convention to be elected by universal male suffrage.

  • France declares war on Austria

    Prussia joins Austria in the conflight
  • Period: to

    French Expansion during French Revolutionary wars

    Revolutionary terror is used to solve the home front. 300 000 are arrested and 50 000 are executed.

  • Execution of Louis XVI for treason

  • Arrest and execution of Robespierre

    This is the beginning of the Thermidorian reaction.

  • New French Constitution

    Substantial property qualifications are now required to vote. Only 30 000 men take part.
    2 bodies are now elected, a council of Elders and a Council of 500.
    The former elects a 5 man Directory from a list provided by the latter. The Directory then acts as the executive committee

  • 1798 Brazil Statistics about population

    Out of 3.25 million Brazillians, 2 million were of African origin. This meant Africans were actually the majority.

  • Napoleon is elected First Consul after a Coup d'État

  • Europe population reaches 187 million

  • Concordat with the papacy

    This is a compromise which declares France as Catholic without Catholicism being the official religion.

  • Creation of the Civil Code

    The Civil Code enshrines male equality before the law, the right to choose one's profession, freedom of religion, property rights, abolition of feudalism and the secular character of the state. The Code also favoured employers over workers and made women legally inferior to men with property, adultery and divorce.

  • Coronation of Napoleon as Emperor of the French

    "Emperor of the people", this is a paradox.

  • Invasion of Russia

    Napoleon tries to invade Russia and fails spectacularly. Russians use the scorched earth technique forcing French soldiers to continue moving forward. Napoleon manages to take over Moscow but has to retreat due to the oncoming winter. Only 10% of the French army survives.
  • Period: to

    Congress of Vienna

    The Congress of Vienna was a peace conference to end the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic wars. As a result of this event, France had to pay a large indemnity, lose most of its conquerred territory (its given to Prussia, Austria and Russia) and greant Great Britain stategic naval bases in the North Sea and the Mediterranean. The goal of this was to restore the balance of power in Eurore as well as "legitemate governments". The French Monarchy(tm) is back! Thanks Louis XVIII.
  • Period: to

    Karl Marx

    Marx was a highly influential writer who developped scientific socialism. His ideas were that the fundamental basis of all human actions and foundation of all social institutions was economic. Religion, philosophies and ideologies were all superstructures/rationalizations to justify the way of life of the class in power. Religion is the opium of the masses and the past is the history of class stuggle. These were egalitarrean ideas.

  • Europe population reaches 266 million

  • Europe population reaches 460 million (200 million emigrate)