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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta is signed
The magna carta was the first offical document forced to be signed by king john from a group of his subjects that limited kings powers by law and protected peoples privlidges and proclaim certain liberties. -
James l takes the throne
James l took the throne and became King of England when Queen Elizibeth , of the house of Tudors , died hierless. He lived in scottland and was the first king to rebel and not follow the Magna Carta since 1215 when it was signed -
A wedding occurs
James l marries Anne of Denmark and they have four children together , the last one being Charles -
Divine right of kings
James stated in the truee law that a king owns his realm as a feudal lord owns his fief. This is because the king arose. This attitude that the king was above all and did not need support from parliment was a violation of terms set out in the Magna Carta -
Plotting about parliment
After several years of james rude attitude a strong enough group of roman catholics gathered together and decided to brew up a plot that would explode parliment and the king -
Gun power plot
Guy fox the leader and a group of roman catholics leased a place under parliment an filled 36 barrels with gun poweder. They were planning on using this to explode parliment but parlimetn suspected something was wrong and arrested them before they could execute it. -
New Bible by King James l
King James creates his own new version of the bible that is authorized and used for 250 years -
James l visites Scottland
James visites Scottland for the first time after becoming the king of england and the ruler of the unation of Scottland and England -
Ignoring parliment
Between 1614 and 1621 he never contacted parliment and effectivly gave up on ruling england -
The end of james
Failed at the oppoutuinity to unite all of the united kingdom and set the stage for his 24 year old son charles to take the throne -
Charles takes the throne
Charles l the fouth child and son of james l becomes the king of england. He was not a leader as was not any better of a king than his father was. He enjoyed partying and taking advice from others rather than parliament -
The effect
King charles caused the court of star chamber , loss of free speech and the puritan exodus to new england -
Petition of Rights
The parliament refuses to keep funding Charles as he partys and doesent give a care in the world about the country. With the exception of signing the petition of rights that removes rights from the king and supports the Magna carta -
charles recieves help from his friends
his friend lord strafford and archbishop laud help him find ways to squeeze money out of the british population. -
Change in Charles ruling
After 11 years king charles finally called short parliament and brings and end to him personally ruling england -
battle of newburn
The battle of newburn is lost by the english and the scotts win for the first time in decades in the battle of newburn -
Treaty of Ripon
The bishops war that occured from 1639-1640 between the english and scottish due to King charles 1st attempt to reform the scottish church. This was the end of the war -
Long parliament
King charles summons the long parliament because he is quickly running out of money -
Earl of Strafford & impeachment of lord strafford
The earl of strafford is created by the parliament -
Impeachment of Archbishiop laud
One of charles clos friends who he took much advice from was caled into question by parliament -
Parliament stands up aginst Charles and "the grand Remonstrance"
Charles crumbeled and called long parliament. They demanded that his friends be executed and charles was forced to sign the 'the Grand Remonstrance" This required him to call parliament regularly , not imposed illigal taxes ,pass the control of the army and navy to parliament and uphold the priveledge of parliament. -
Lord strafford is executed
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charles tries to abolish grand remonstrance
Charles tries to get rid of the Grand remonstrance because it was a narroly passed law by capturing the 500 leaders of the bill. This caused issues and rebellion because it was an illigal attack so the parliament called an army. Charles left to nottingham -
Charles declares war on parliament
King charles declares war aginst parliament in nottingham where he now was and had support. This was the beginning of the British civil war -
Battle of Marston Moor
The royal army is defeated by the new model army -
Execution of archbishop laud
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Battle of Nasby
The royalist army is defeated once again by the new model army -
Charles the 1 is turned in by the scots
The Scots turn Charles into parliament after fleeing because he was defeated -
Putney Debates
The starting of the puteney debates commence of the the army of grandees aginst the levellers -
The charge of treason
The charge of treason aginst the King was revonlutionary. By defanitiion the act of trying to overthrw the king so , charles was on trial for trying to overthrow himself. -
Charles 1st trial
the high court of justice starts the first trial aginst charles. -
Prides Purge
Cromwell and the puritans drive out 143 prebyterians which only leaves the rump parliament of 60 members. Charles is charged for treason for insitiuting war with his own people. -
charles is executed
Charles is executed after he was found guilty and sentanced to death-beheaded -
Rump parliament votes to abolish the morchy once again
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commonwealth -Charles ll King of scottland
Charles son by law was supossed to be the next king becoming charles ll but instead rump parliament voted to abolish monarchy and the house of lords . So charles ll becomes king of Scottland. -
Republic
England became a republic , known as the "commentwelth" when the rump parliament voted to abolish the monarchy and the house of loards. Republic : people elected a representatice or group of people to represent a larger group of people -
Cromwell arrives in Ireland
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Cromwells power
Cromwell the leader of the new model army who had been baked the parlimentary cause , was no set to suppress any opposition from ireland and scotish and his army set out to conquor the irish. They slaughtered several thousand irish catholics after uprisings in Ulster. -
Resettlement
Catholic landowners had to resettle in the south and wesr of the island. The north was resettled with English and Scottish protestants -
The blue laws
Cromwell lost patience with the rump parliament , the army wanted more indluence. When the rump refused to hold an election unless they were guaranteed their seats, Cromwell marched in with an army and drove the members out. He then locked them out. Senior army officers then named him Lord protector of England, making him the miatary dictator of England. Cromwell divided the country into districts and placed a major general in each district to enforce the blue laws and other municipal regulation -
Cromwell leaves Ireland
For the commonwealth Comwell secured most of Ulster , Leinster and Munster -
oliver cromwell takes over and is named lord protector
cromwell is named lord protector and disbands the rump parliament -
coming to an end of cromwell
Cromwell surrounded himself with pious advisors and tried to pack parliament full of them as well. Cromwells dictatorship was unpopular , but no one was strong enough to resist and people were to tired to revolt. Cromwell considered himself a failure because he never achieved his original plans to change england and make it revoulutionary. -
The death of Cromwell
Cromwell died in 1658 leaving the countrys leadering ship to his so richard who did not last long and resigned failing to reconcile the differences between the army and parliament -
Richard cromwell Resignes
Oliver Cromwells sun retracts his tital and resigns -
The new King
General Monk marched down from Scotland and recalled the long parliament and ordered them to dissolve and have a new parliament elected so that the civil war would not break out once again. After such a stiff dictator , England welcomed nack the idea of the moarchy being restored , which was exactly what the parliament called for. -
Divine right
Charles ll sailed into london for his 30th birthday and parliament insisted that the new kingship should be a constitutional monarchy . Charles was reluctant because he too believeed he was placed back on the throne by divine right. A constitutional moarchy is a form in government in which a monarch acts as a head of state limited by the constitution. -
Bribary by King charles ll Reformation
The new parliament decided to restore the moarchy and the house of loards and charles was invited to become king again Charles anted most parliament members to support him so he bribed and blackmailed them to influence electioon. He decreased the power of puritans . The new cavalier parliament was full of tories and a few Whigs -
Rules for the new king
Since the new King charles the ll were crowned parliament forced him to be king but as a constitutional moarch with his rules set out by parliament. -
Tories vs Whigs
the royal supports came known as the tories and were the beginning of englans first real political party the opponents of a catholic monarchy came to be known as whigs -
charles restores society
Charles abolishes the blue laws of cromwell and purians so people begin to be happy once again and enjoy life. life returned to way it was before commenwealth. The regicides or people who signed of on killing chalres father were punished by himself -
The test act
Charles ll tries to preotect the religious freedom of the catholics in England , but the new parliament passe the Test Act. This test act madde the church of england supreme and made it illigal for Catholics to hold public office or join professions or be king -
The Duke of monmouth
Charles finds outs he actually has a son from an affair he ad when he was 19 and decides to call him duke of monmouth and he is protestant. -
The bloody assizzes
The Whigs are totally aginst catholics and are allies with the duke of monmouth and the duke and his supporters try to convince people to let him become king when charles dies. Charles does not like this idea becaue he wants his catholic brother James ll to take the throne. The Duke is captured during battle and is killed by james ll his own uncle. Also all of his supports the whigs are killed to this is known as the Bloody Assizzes -
Anne Hanover
The throne is passed onto Anne hanover who is married into the family. She lives in germoney and eventually the throne is passed on to George 1 2 3 and 4th this is the end of the english civil war -
charles ll dies
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Agreement with parliament and james
Parliament agrees to let James take the throne because he is 57 and will die soon and he has no children. When James ll had a son in 1688 , Parliament invited james ll pretestant daughtor and her husband william of orange to become co monarchs joint queen and king of england -
The Glorious revolution
William and Mary ushered in a glorious reevolustion because the moarchy had been chosen and givin their authority by parliamrnt no hededitary or divine right. This action made it clear that the real government was parliament in england. -
William and Mary of Orange
parliament chose someone not blood related to take the throne. Mary was very protestant and they agreed to rule under the rules of parliament and the bill of rights -
Bill of Rights
The bill of rights is an act that the prliament of England passed to william and mary or orange that they signed to prove and show they understood that the parliament was the true government in England .It lays down limites to having the crown and sets out the right and rules of parliament lie freedom of speech , and the requirement for regular elections to parliament. -
Enclose becomes popular
land owners began to change their ways of planting crops on small stripes of land and used large artifically inclosed areas of land because they were more productive -
The seed drill is invented
The seed drill is invented by Jethro Tull which precisely positions seeds in the groud and then covers them which was a very important invention. -
The steam engine is invented
In 1712 the steam engine is invented by Newcomen which allowed much more power to be generated in society and many facotries began to open . This offered many job oppoutuinities -
The flying shuttle is invented
The flying shuttle was one of the key devolpments in weaving that fueled the industrial revolution. It was patened by a man named John Kay -
The cast iron process is invented
The cast iron is invented by darby which is a hard brittle alloy that can be readily cast into a mold. -
Royal Proclamation
King George decided that land west of the appalation mountains are closed . This angers the american colonists because they were planning to expand there. Britin only cares about themselves -
stamp act
The stamp act was small tax like a good and services tax on many goods and some government services . Tax was in the form of a stamp that you had to pay for and put on every piece of paper which was supossed to pay for the cost of defending the american colonies. -
Sons of liberty
An originization that was made up of american partiots that originated the pre -independace of the north american british colonies -
Boston Massacre
there was a pause of indefinate length the soldiers then fired into the crowd. 13 men died to keep the peace the next day royal authorities agreed to remove all troops from the center of town to a fort on castle island in boston harbor. on march 27 the soldiers , caption preston and four men who were in customs house and alleged to have fired shots, were indicted for mmurder. -
The Tea Act
The British parliament gave the struggling east india company a monopoly of the importion of tea to america. Aditionally parliament reduced the duty the colonies would have to pay for the imported tea. -
Bosten tea party
In reaction the the tea act members of the sons of liberty disguised themselves as native americans (mohawks) climed on to 3 ships and dumped 45 tons of tea into the Boston harbor. This was lead by Samuel Admads -
The intolerable acts
The series of laws passed by the british parliament in 114. The four acts were a responce to the boston tea party , the british parliament hoped these peunitive measures would make an example of Massachusetts , reverse the trend of colonial resistance to parlimentary authority that had began with the stamp act -
The quebec Act
This act enlarged the boundaries of what was then the province of Quebec and insituted reforms generally favourable to the French inhabitants of the region. Angered Colonists american -
King louis XVI crowned
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Contenential Congress
colonial delegates re assemble to orginize opposition to the intolerable acts -
Lexington and Concord
In Massachusetts this is considered the shot that sent shockwaves througout the entire world and began the revolution. Not sure who fired the first shot but the British and Colonists would now be at long-standing war. -
The second contential congress
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contenential congress appoints george washington
George washington becomes the commander in cheif of the contenential army -
battle of bunker hill
This was the first major war of independance the british did win but at a cost of many hindreads of men and this gave the colonists more rage and strenth to fight back -
Declaration of Independance
This is a document written by Thomas Jefferson stating that america wanted to become their own country and break apart from england. Then wanted to live under their own set of rules and many people signed it -
Battle of Saratoga
The Americans won this battle forcing surrender to the Burgoyne's Forces. This convinced the French the the Americans had the ability to win and so they joined their forces under the leadership of George Washington -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was a vital point tha brought the beginning of the end to the american revolution. George Washinton led the American colonists and they finally won. This was the last battle ever fought and ended in Victory -
US consitution is signed
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Louis XVI calles estates general meeting in Versailles
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National Assembly
Members of the third estate form a group called the national Assembly -
Tennis court oath
The National assembly which now included mebers from all three estates come together on a tennis court. The third estate stood up to King Louis XVI . There the 3rd estate and some fom the 1st and second who did not support Louis took an oath not to disband untill a new constitution was introduced . -
Storming of the Bastille in Paris
The bastille gets burnt down by the angry people who are upset about their hunger and stuggle and how louis is doing nothing about it. -
The declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen
This is the new consitiution that allowes the National assembly to now become the National convetion. It is a fundamental document defining the individual and collective rights of each estate. This is influenced by Jogn Locke the enlightenment thinker. -
March on Versailles of the Paris woman
Hundreds of woman from Paris storm on the palace because they are starving and have no bread. They are extreamly angry at louis and kill his guards on the way to the palace with weapons in their hands -
Louis XVI tries to escape
Since Louis was not the best King he decided to escape his problems he would literally try and leave the country secretly. Him and his wife Marie A'toinette are caught , arrested and brought back to Versailles -
France declares war on Austria
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Convention formally abolishes monarchy
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The waterframe of spinning frame is invented
Richard Arkwright invinted the spinning frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns . The first models were powered by waterwheels which is where the device got its name from. -
Louis XVI put on trial
Louis XVI is put on trial and is charged with treason -
Louis XVI is executed
Louis XVi is executed and so is his wife Marie on October 16th later that year -
Comitee of public safety if formed
This was a group created by the national convention in france during the Region of terror . The role of this group was protecting the newly established republic of forign attacks. It was given broad supervisory power over milatary , judicial and legislative efforts. -
The commence of the Region of Terror
This is the start of the region when thousands of people were executed on the guillotine . This was all Robespierres ideas. -
Marat is assassinated
Marat a man whos consistant voice and strange prdictive powers brought him to trust with the people and made him the main bridge between them and the radical jacobin group. For a short period of time he was one of the most important men in france next to danton and robespierre because of his firey opnions. He was stabbed to death in his bathtub by a woman named charlottle who couldent take his fivolious threats anymore. -
Cotten gin is invented
This invention seperates cotten fibres very quickly from its seeds.It was invented by Eli Whitney -
Danton is executed
Danton is the president of the comitee of public safety . Robespierre convinced people agisnt the revolution and he was executed. Danton predicted robespierre would be soon to follow -
Robespierre is beheaded
Robespierre is beheaded by the gllotine. He is bossy and began the region of terror he quickly became very unpopular with the people. -
The Directory
The rule of Robespierre was replaced with the directory which was controlled by the middle class. The new government gave most of them power to the people of property. -
Napoleon Bonaparte
The directory was swept away by Napoleon , a man who established a new type of moarch by calling himself empreor of France -
Steamboat is invented
The steamboat was invented by Robery Fulton which was a much more efficant was for transportatio in every aspect. People , goods , trading etc -
Napoleon escapes from Elba
Napoleon excapes from the exile -
The battle of waterloo
Napoleon was finally defeated and this marked the end of his career -
Napoleon begins exile on saint helena
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Napoleon dies in exile
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The liverpool manchester railway is opened
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The telegraph is invented
The telegraph which is invented by Morse . It is a system of transmitting messages from a distance along a wire which highly imporved communication. -
Steel Plow
The steel plow was invented by John Deer. This tool was a great way to maintain good argraculture -
The sewing machine is invented
The sewing machine is invented by Elias Howe which allowes cloths and working materials to be much more efficant. -
The telephone is invented
Alisha grey and Alexander Bell both independantly invented the telephone -
Phonograph is invented
The phonograph is invented that plays records. It is invented by Edison.
