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Period: Nov 2, 1400 to
Continuing Superstition
Many people, ranging from 70 to 100 thousand, were killed during this time as witches or magicians. They were called the Cunning folk of the age. The church declared that only priests possess magical abilities and then the Witch hunts are born. This was the search for any evil magician and it resulted in the killing of many inocent people because of anger. -
Period: Oct 29, 1470 to
Scientific Revolution
The gradual movement that consisted of a few hundred scientists over a period of time in different countries. Many adavances in technology captured the publics attention and allowed cultural authority. -
Nov 2, 1473
Nicolas Copernicus
One of the initial scientists who was the first to question the geocentric view of the universe to the earth. He wrote the book on the revolutions of heavenly spheres. -
Nov 2, 1546
Tycho Brahe
A scientist who lived later in the revolution who made more extensive observations than any previous astronomer. His major discovery was the advance on the heliocentric view. -
Nov 2, 1561
Francis Bacon
Was an inpirational speaker and encouraged his peers to continue research for the truth in the natural world. -
Nov 2, 1564
Galileo Galilei
A man of great knowledge who was one of the first astronmers to view the sky with a telescope. He popularized the copernican interpretation of the heavens using empirical rationale evidence. -
Jun 19, 1566
King James
A scot who advocated for the Divine Rights of Kings. Which meant that God chose them as rulers over the people. During his rule he enraged his subjects to a point where the Puritans left and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony. -
Thomas Hobbes
He believed that people are born naturally evil, that human beings are at war with others and themselves and that rules should have no limits to power. -
Rene Descartes
Developed the scientific method that is similar to the one that we use today. He also argued that all thoughts should be founded on some amount of fact. -
Oliver Cromwell and the New Model Army
Became "Lord Protector" who establishes military dictatorship after he leads the parliament forces against Charles I. He later dies in 1658 after serving parliament well. -
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The Netherlands Golden Age to Decline
The United Provindences of the Netherlands were the groups of people that controlled different areas and most of them exercied authority with other providences. All of these peoples had religious toleration and the Dutch capital system finnianced economic life through Europe and were considered to be the middle men. -
Period: to
Englands Developement
England became a limited monarchy and had a paliamentary government throughout the 17th century. England had a small amount of religious toleration towards their people. -
Period: to
Frances Developement
France was a absolute monarchy for most of the scientific revolution and the main religion continued to be Catholisim throughout. -
England Aristocrats
Consisted of 400 families that owned 25% of the land in the country. They controlled the House of Lords and the House of Commons. -
French Aristocracy
Consisted of Military officers and Bureaucrats who were part of two major groups who were the Cersailles and the people who were not the Versailles. -
Eastern European Aristocracy
Many different countries like Poland had exerted complete control over serfs and had sole political representation. While Austria and Hungary were exempt from taxation if you were apart of the government aristocracy. -
Mercantilism
The economic theory behind the system of aquiring colonies and the governments regulate trade and commerce. Colonies would provide the resources and protection for it's owner. -
Charles I
He levied unpopular taxes and stationed troops in houses on route to Spain. In 1629 parliament forced Charles to agree to petition of rights that inforced paliament ot approve taxes and quarting soldiers. -
Plantations
The plantation system is established at this time and is used for the production of popular material such as sugar and tabacco. -
Divine RIght of Kings
The belief that all authority on earth has a right to rule from a direct connection to God. -
Puritan Seperatists
These people were enangered at King James I for his beliefs and they left for the new world as pilgrims. They became puritan seperatists after the Plymouth Seperatists cooperated with them. -
Charles II and Stuart Restoration
Charles II was invited to return to the throne of England after he was exiled by parliament because of his father's actions. The stuart restoration was to make the Anglican Church the official religion and to make monarch lose responsibility on calling parliament. -
John Locke
He believed that people are born good, that the government should protect our basic rights and that people should enter into a contract with the government to preserve those rights. -
James II
Renews fears of Catholic England when he appoints officials of England. In 1689 James II fled to France in the sight of William of Orange's supreior army. -
Louis XIV
Better known as the "Sun King" Louis is helped by Cardinal Mazarin who would try to centralize government. He believed souly in the divine rights of kings. -
Jansenists
They opposed the Jesuits and Louis XIV suppressed them. -
Jean Baptiste Colbert
He is a finance administrator who closed government control of finances through Mercantilism. -
Grand Remonstrance
Parliament presents this list of grievances and than Charles invades parliament with his soldiers in fear of losing power. Parliament raises their own army and England goes into civil war. -
Isaac Newton
A scientist and thinker who later in the revolution wrote a book on the priciples of mathematics and proved that the planets and other physical objects move through a mutual attraction or other wise known as gravity. -
Deism
The belief that God is the divine watchmaker and the world is perceived in mechanical terms. -
Growth of Cities during the Industrial Revolution
There was a lot of urbanization at this time during a large part of the 17th century and for the industrial revolution many people were forced to live near their work to survive. They had to live nearby the new factories. -
Jewish Population
The majority of the jewish population lives in eastern Europe at this time and is persecuted all across the nation. Catherine the Great of Russia was intolerant of the Jews and discouraged their settlement into Russian territory. -
English Game Laws
Only English people could hunt and some of them had exclusive rights to land hunts from 1671 to around 1831. -
New Science and Religious Faith
Galileo angers the church with his interpretation and is put on trial and sentenced to house arrest for the remainder of his life. Blaise Pascal was a Frence mathematician who saw religion as seperate from reason and science. He allied himself with the Jansenists and thought that it was better to believe and get rewards than not to and face consequences. Other beliefs of this time were like the rational god, it was the scientific advancements are apart of God's plan belief. -
Versailles
A palace built by Louis XIV. Aristocrats who were barred from high government positions and hand picked towns men who owed loyalty to Louis XIV and were a concentrated power. -
Revocation of Edict of Nantes
This law results in the closure of protestant churches and forces them to convert to Catholicism or they would be thrown out of the country. -
Glourious Revolution and English Bill of Rights
After William of Orange scared away James II he and Mary are recognized as the new Monarchs. The bill of rights limits power of the monarch, prohibits Catholics from the throne, and guarentees the role of parliament in the government. -
Peasants in England and France
In England the peasants had rights of English Citizens but the court was run by landowners only. In France the peasants were responsible for an amount of forced labor and had to pay feudal dues. -
Corvee
The definition of Corvee is forced labour that is put on the lower classes of an area by the state. In these times it was mainly the peasants who recieved this work. -
Sugar Production
Sugar became the most vauable exports because of it's new produciton rate and it's affect on food. The natives die of disease so the production lines are handed to African Slaves so that they can continue to make money. -
Treaty of Utrecht
Established the boundarires of teh empire of Spain, Britain, Dutch, and France until the 1750s. -
Charles III
Abolished the Spanish Monopolies as well as open more south american ports to trade and commerce. He then attempted to increase the taxes on the land and it ends in corruption. -
The Serfs
The serfs of this time differed greatly from state to state. In Prussia the serfs were controlled completely by the state, while in Russia the serfs were slaves with no legal rights and they revolted many times because of their lack of rights. Austria's serfs were very similar to the serfs in Russia. In south east europe and the Ottomans the Serfs were nearly free because of high demand of labour and had much more power within the system. -
Neolocalism
When the children left their homes to start their own families they would move close to their first home and would form families in the numbers of around 20 people. -
Households in Eastern Europe
People married at very young ages in this part of the world and the wives were typically older than their husbands. There were about 3 to 4 generations of people living in the same house. -
Flota System
Controled the supplies and bullion that went in and out of Spain and their was no outside trade besides this. -
The War of Jenkin's Ear
The spaniards in England cut off the ear of a man named Robert J. and the war begins when he responds to the pressure to stop Spanish intervention on trade in England and over Europe. -
Intendents
The district aministrators bring the empires under Spanish control that are in south america so that no other countries can take them. -
Households in Northwestern Europe
The houses in this area of Europe had a little amount of people living in them including the married couples and their children. The children would leave the houses in their teens and would go to find work to support a family. -
Convention of Westminster
A treaty between Great Britain and Russia, they were now obligated to protect the German State from any foreign enemies. -
Seven Years' war
Many different coutries in Europe all banded together to defeat Prussia and to protect the German State. Russia and Prussia made peace soon after and Frederick jeld off Austria and France from them with it's army. -
Treaty of Paris
Between France and Britain and British people would recieve all of Canda, Ohio River Valley, and the eastern half of the Mississippi River Valley. But Britain also had to return some places to the French in Payment. -
The Stamp Act and the Sugar Act
The sugar act is passed and the stamp act is passed in the following year. The sugar act is the curb of the smuggling of sugar into the colonies. The stamp act is the taxation of any piece of paper is required to have a stamp on it to be shared or passed on. -
Boston Massacre and the Tea Party
The Boston Massacre of 1770 was the killing of 5 and the injuring of 6 american colonists who were revolting against the Bristish and were killed for their actions. The Boston Tea Party was the revolt against the Bristish in which some men came aboard a ship during the night and destroyed all of the tea on it in protest ot the taxes. -
Declaration of Independence
A document that told the British of the Americans want to be independent and not be owned by them. This resulted in war between the 13 colonies and the British Army. -
Treaty of Paris
When Washington defeated Cornwall in Yorktown and the French and Spanish helped win the fights, the colonies established a government and wrote the treaty to end the conflict between them. -
Charter of Nobility
Catherine the Great defines legal rights of nobles and their families by their volunteer service at state in the country of Russia. -
Major Inventions of the Industrial Revolution
New machinery was invented in these times to replace animal and human work to machines. Things like the Spinning Jenny and the water frame and the steam engine contributed to this age. -
Impact on Production and Gender Roles
The production of goods and services at this time increased by a drasticf amount because of the new inventions and the mass production of them to support the new age. Gender roles changed at this time because of the iron production and other factors that made the men work in the mines while the women worked in cottage industries typically with goods.
