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Sherman Antitrust Act
To address oppressive business practices association with cantels & oppressive monopolies
-What caused the act?Business illegally forming trust that interfered with trade
-The Act was suppose to go against big business & the trust in Supreme-court, but they didn't define what "trust" ment
-It was useless until 1900's when Trust-busters closed over 44 trust companies
-John D.Rockefeller(w/standard oil) was one of the captin of Industry or Robber Barons that caused the act to be created -
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Harshing working Conditions
-10 cents an hr, 12-14 hrs a day $8-10 a wk
-Children paid less than 10 cents an hour, for 14 hrs a day
-Women received between 1/2-1/3 the pay of men
-Machines were heavy & dangerous, black smoke spit out
-Workers were covered in black soot
-Work with workers who were sick or had cut off limbs
-Workers were abandoned if an accident occurs, wages stop, no medical attention
-Children & Women were abused -
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The Revolution
-Focused on women's rights & women's suffrage
-Susan B Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton both were publisher & editor
-They established the revolution during a period when a split was developing within the women's rights movement
-Together they provided leadership for to stop women's suffrage in the U.S.
-Women's rights movement had greatly reduced at the turn of the century -
Women's Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
-WCTU fought for prohibition,the banning of alcoholic beverages,wanted immigrantsand poor city dwellers to uplift themselves -
Assassination of President Garfield
-The assassin was Charles J. Guiteau
-Shot at the president twice, but only 1 bullet directly impacted him
-Reason Charles, shot him was he was turned down from a job by the president, mentally unstable & believe god told him to
-Charles wrote a poem " I am going to the Lordly" to Garfield about his own death.
- Garfield lived for a couple of months, but died from infection. -
Pendleton Act
-Patronage system is a practice in which a political party after winning an election gives you your jobs to its supporters
-Merit system is the process of promoting and hiring gov employees based on the ability to perform a job
Cause
-President Garfield has shot two times by Charles Guinean whom turned a job down Chester Arthur became president
Effect
-Officials could no longer pressure employees for campaign contribution -
Interstate Commerce Act of !887
-The reason for this law was to make railroad rates fair for all the customers.
-The power of the law was basically to regulate railroad prices.
-This was the first federal law to regulate private industry in the U.S.
-The importance of this law was to eliminate discrimination against small markets, and establishing a "reasonable and just price" standard.
-The ICC was created to enforce regulations and investigate allegation such as fraud, deception, and discrimination toward private bussinesses -
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The progressive era
-The progressive era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social differences were exposed,many changes were made to american society
-Progressive era was a time of reform such as initiative and referendum(vote) -
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Populist ("Peoples") Party
-Their ideas were Economic reformers,an increase in the money supply, a graduated income tax,eight hr workdays,immigration restriction,& they wanted direct vote for senators.
-The causes for these ideas were because they wanted people to have a greater voice in their gov.,& the populist programs kept alive the concept that the gov is responsible for performing social injustice
-Populist presidential candidate James O. Weaver in 1893 won almost 10% of the total vote but lost to Grover Cleveland -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells. The co-founder of the NAACP, wrote the red record
-The central topic were being treated, for example some would get lynched, some of the states that treated the horribly like Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina and Texas and what they would be punished for
-The red records effect on society is the states began recognizing the seriousness of these subject and began taking action. -
Klondike Gold Rush
-Out of 100,000 prospectors only 30,000 made reached the region.
-It was difficult to reach the region was because of the terrain & harsh weather. Intense cold and frequent snow storms.
-The people left their jobs for the Klondike to become gold-diggers.
-Many prospectors became penny less because they had to spend a lot of money that they need to get to Klondike.
-The prospectors did not always find gold but the hardware suppliers made a fortune selling the equipment to the prospectors. -
Plessy V. Ferguson (1896)
-Plessy V. Ferguson was a landmark constitutional law cause of the U.S. supreme court upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of :Separated but equal"
-The U.S. supreme court ruled that racially separate facilities, if equal,did not violate the constitution 14th Amendment all railing companies carrie both races (Whites and Color race) -
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Muckraker journalism
-Means to search for and expose misconduct in public life,like Upton Sinclair & IDA B. Wells
-They would write about things that gov or company owners wanted to keep secrete and out of the minds of the public
-The effects of this type of journalism made companies fall,because it would open the eyes of the people to the truth of what's really going on -
The Jungle
-Written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyard of Chicago & to exploit the labor of men & women for profit.
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the meat-packing industry.
-As result of making the public aware of the filthy dangerous conditions,each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act and the pure food and drug act. -
Pure food and drug act
-Provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture,sale,or transportation of harmful food products and poisonous patent medicines
-Before the passage of this law there was no regulation in how food was produced
-Patent medicines that could stop hair loss or heal aching joints were being recalled due to inspections for having harmful substances like opium,cocaine,morphine
-Mucrackers had successfully heightened public awareness of safety issues -
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Social Gospel
-Religious movement that arose during the 2nd half of the 19th century ministers belonging to the prodistent branch of good works together
-They argued that people must emulate their life for Jesus Christ
-Result of the social gospel increased Immigration,Urbanization, of the guilded age.
-Result also lead to the Young Men Christian Association(YMCA) -
NAACP
-In the 1920s and 1930s the NAACP devoted much of its energy to publicizing the lynching of blacks throughout the United States
-The initials stand for the National Association for the advancement of colored people
-The NAACP founded in 1909 by a group of multi-racial activist.It was originally called the National Negro Committee by was headed by W.E.B. Dubios -
16th amendment
-Allows the congress to levy and income tax on the people
-Its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov and away from the States
-Progressive favoring or advocating progress and change
-Revenue-collective items of income of a person,state,ect.
-Tariff-tax or duty to be paid -
17th amendment
-The senate of the U.S. shall be composed of 2 senators from each state,erected by the people there of,for 6 years and each senate shall have one vote
-It changed the theory about who senators represented,shifting the fools from state gov to the residents of states
-Direct election system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly case ballots for the person -
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Progressive ("Bull Moose") Party
-Their platform was a tariff reform,women's suffrage,federal law against child labor. A Federal Trade commission to regulate businesses, amongst other reforms
-They broke off the republic party
-Major candidates of the presidential election of 1912 were Theodore Roosevelt, William H. Taft, and Woodrow Wilson
-This :Third party" split affected the presidential election of 1912 because the split divided the republican party and the country which helped Democrat Woodrow Wilson won election of 1912 -
Federal Reserve Act
-The Federal Reserve Act was created by congress to provide the nation with a safer,more flexible and more stable financial system.
-The FRA established a permanent central banking institution. A influential bank that is known as a Federal Reserve
-There are 12 Federal banks in each regional location and one main central bank. -
18th amendment B
-Temperance: restraint & moderation from drinking
-Prohibition: nationwide ban of alcohol
-Speakeasy: Illicit establishing that sells alcoholic beverages
-Flapper: generation of young western women in 1920s who wore short skirts,bobbed their hair, listened to jazz,and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
18th amendment A
-Caused by and spread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans health and causing criminal activities
-Established the Prohibition of alcohol beverages in the US by declaring the production,transport,and sale of alcohol illegal
-Instead of reducing crime,it created massive organized crime movements and corrupted public officials who took bribes -
19th Amendment
-Women wanted equality
-Granted women the right to vote- a right known as suffrage
-Helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of American life
-Women advocated for jobs,fairer wages,education,sex education,and birth control.