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The Revolution
-focused on women's rights and suffrage
-Susan B Anthony -publisher
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton -editor
-they established the revolution during a period when a split was developing w/in the women's rights movement
-together they provided leadership for ending slavery in the US in 1865
-women's rights movement had greatly reduced its activity during civil war -
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Populist Party
-the purpose of the "ppl's party" was to increase in the money supply to help for farmers & workers
-it was mainly towards struggling farmers & desperate laborers
-the moment is associated w/ granger
-the populists programs eventually became the platform of the democratic party & kept alive the concept
-James B. Weaver was the populist candidate for president that year he pulled over 1,041,000 -
Women's Christian Temperance Union
-the purpose of WCTU was to combat the influence of alcohol on families and society
-Frances Willard became president of the WCTU and tuned to organizing political means in addition to moral persuasion to achieve total abstinence
-the issue was seen in society as moral, issue to create prohibition throughout the nation -
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Harsh Working Condition
-children as young as 6yrs old worked hard hours for little or no pay
-women mostly found jobs in domestic service textile factories and pice work shops
-children sometimes worked up to 19hrs w/ one break
-women were payed less than half and children a third of what men make
-worked in dangerous locations
-if one was hurt head or arm cut off -
Assassination of President James Garfield
-shot came from .44 British Bulldog which the assassin Charles J. Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
-he had killed Garfield because of the president's refusal to appoint him to a European consulship
-the assassin was known around Washington as a emotionally disturbed man
-he was convinced thats it was God's work -
Penolten Act
-provided the federal gov't jobs be awarded on the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
-in 1881 a mentally unstable man assassinated James A. Garfield in protest against not obtaining a gov't job
-the public's reaction caused president Arthur to introduce this law
-patronage system: practice where after winning an election gives gov't jobs to its supporters/friends
-merit system: process of promoting and hiring gov't employees based on their ability to perform a job -
Interstate Commerce Act
-the act created a fed. regulatory agency, which it charged w/ monitoring railroads to ensure that they complied w/ the new regulations
-first law to regulate private industry in U.S
-the power of the act is to the railroads rates be "reasonable and just"
-interstate commerce Commission (ICC)-enforce the regulation and invest allegations of fraud, deception and discrimination -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
-was the first federal act that outlawed monopolistic bushiness practices
-the Sherman Act of 1890 was the first measure passed by the US congress to prohibit trusts
trust- arrangement stockholders and transferred their to people -
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The Progressive Era
-the progressive Era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social differences were exposed, many changes were made to american society
-progressive era was a time of reform such as the initiative and referendum (vote) -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells
-Wells passion was telling the country of the awful happening in the south lynchings because she lost several friends
-effect was to raise awareness and opposition of the southern region on how African Americans were being treated -
Plessy vs Fregunson
-law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
-it did not violate the 14th amendment to the US constitution in 1868, which guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens
-the expression most often refers to the legally or socially enforced separation of Blacks from other races but also applies the general discrimination against ppl of color by white communities -
Discovery of gold in Klondike region
-the Klondike gold rush was an event of migration by an estimated 100,000 ppl prospecting to the Klondike region of North-Western Canada only 30,000 actually made it there
-gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondike river
-newspaper created a hysteria that was Nation-wide and many ppl quit their jobs and then left for the Klondike to become gold-diggers
-many did not find gold many made money off the hardware store selling to the prospectors -
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Muckraker Journalism
-muckraker journalism was one of the magazine journalists who exposed the corrupt side of business & public life in the early 1900's
-journalists described immigrant ghettos & the poor living conditions of tenement housing
-muckrakers condemned exploitation of child labor and white slave traffic in women
-they exposed Rockefeller oil industry and his monopolist ways
-authors like Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing industry which led to the meat packing act & pure good and drug act -
Pure Food and Drug Act
-prevented the manufacture or sale of gross misbranded or poisonous food, drugs, or medicines
-was the first of many consumer protection acts
-law required labeling of any drugs that are addictive including alcohol, morphine, opium, and cannabis
-caused Coca-Cola to replace the cocaine in their product w/ caffeine -
The Jungle
-written by muckraking journalist Upton Sinclair
-focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago and exploit the labor of men and women for profit
-magnified meatpacking industry
-as result of making the public aware of the filthy and dangerous conditions, each local gov't passed its own set of health codes as well as the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food and Drug Act -
NAACP
-National Association for the advancement of colored ppl- an organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality
-had over 6,000 members by 1914
- established by Web Du -
16th Amendment -progressive, revenue, taritt
-allows the congress to levy an income tax on the ppl US census
-its biggest effects was to shift the balance of power toward the federal gov't and away from the states
-progressive: favoring or advocating progress, change
-revenue: collective items income of person, state, etc.
-taritt: tax or duty to be paid -
17th Amendment -direct election
-the senate of the US shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the ppl thereof, for 6 yrs, and each senator shall have 1 vote
-it changed the theory about who senators represented, shifting the focus from state govs to the residents of states
-Direct election: system of choosing political officeholders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the ppl -
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Progressive Party
-the founder of the bull moose party is Theodore Roosevelt
-he was defeated in the republic primaries & broke off
-the party advocated women suffrage, workmen's compensation an eight hour work day, a minimum wage for women, federal law against child labor, and fed. trade -
Federal Reserve Act
-caused by the nations need to strengthen how banks were run and quickly adjust amount of money in circulation and have enough money supply to keep up with the economy
-gave 12 federal reserve banks the ability to print money in order to ensure economic stability
-helped create the federal Reserve System and centralized banking, knows as the "bankers bank"
- made the value of the US dollar stronger by influencing the economy -
18th Amendment-temperance, prohibition, speak-easy, flapper
-caused by widespread belief that the consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans' health, and causing criminal activities
-established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the US by declaring the production, transport, and sale of alcohol illegally
-instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements and corrupted public officials who took bribes -
18th Amendment (Cont.)
-Temperance: restraint + moderation from drinking
-Prohibition: nationwide ban of alcohol
-speak-easy: illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages
-Flapper: generation of young western women in 1920s who wore wore short skins, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
19th amendment - suffrage
-women wanted equality
-granted American women the right to vote -a right known as suffrage
-helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of American life. women advocated for jobs, fairer wages, education, sex education and birth control -
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Social Gospel
-settlement houses like the hull house w/Jane Addams & religious groups helped start the "social gospel movement"
-they believed that churches had a duty to solve society's problems & preached salvation through service to the poor
-they were criticized by others, believed the social gospel movement, because they did not believe their reforms could help
-the progressive era inspired even more reform acts for example the "young men's christian association" & the inspiration of WCTU