War of 1812 [Otter & Hunter]

Four Causes - Seven Effects [Hunter]

1779

Causes:
+ Great Britain refused to surrender western forts after the treaty of Paris.
+ Great Britain began to capture American Sailors, and force them into the British Military.
+ Great Britain issued trade restrictions to stop America from trading with France.
+ Great Britain provided weaponry to the Native Americans attacking the Americans. Effects:
+ Gained further international respect after halting the British Army.
+ Prompted for the writing of the Monroe Doctrine, first FA doc.

Four Causes - Seven Effects [Hunter] Cont.

1779

Effects: (Cont)
+ The fall of the Federalist Party directly after.
+ Ensured the survival of British Colonies in Canada, leading to Canadian confederation.
+ Possibly stopped Canada becoming part of the U.S.
+ Inspiration towards nationalism, the U.S also became more isolationist.
+ Encouraged American Industry, including new textile mills.

Research Document & Information

1780

Document with work Workload Split
Workload Split:
- Otter: Research
- Hunter: Make and Format Timeline, editing.

Washington’s Proclamation of Neutrality

1793

Background
The Proclamation of Neutrality was written by General Edmond Randolph in 1793. It was issued by George Washington and declared that the U.S. would remain neutral in the conflict between France and Great Britain.
Significance
This was very significant because the U,S. would most likely not be able to survive another war so soon after the American Revolution. Source

Jay Treaty (PT 1)

Nov 19, 1794

Background
The treaty was to create a temporary alliance with Britain due to the threat of war. It included English naval and commercial supremacy, supported American neutrality, gave England rights on tariffs for American exports and favored English imports, accepted the kidnapping of American sailors that could be taken to join the English army, made the U.S. pay for the pre-revolutionary debts, gave back cargoes taken from American merchants and vowed to abide with the Treaty of Paris.

Jay Treaty (PT 2)

Nov 19, 1794

Significance
This was an agreement between the U.S., and Great Britain that helped to avert war between the two nations. The treaty eliminated British control of western posts within two years, established American claims for damages from British seizures and provided America a limited right to trade in the West Indies. Source

Washington’s Farewell Address [https://www.senate.gov>washingtons-farewell-address]

1796

Background
In Washington’s Farewell Address in 1796, he announced his intention to decline a third term in office and offered advice to the citizens of the U.S.. He stated the importance of unity, the danger of foreign entanglements, and the warning that loyalty to party over nation was an enemy. Significance
It was a template for foreign policy in the early days of the country. It served as both a warning and an inspiration for future generations.

The Embargo Act of 1807 [https://www.thoughtco.com>americanhistory>basics]

1807

Background
The Embargo Act was legislation passed by Congress that closed U.S. ports to all exports and restricted imports from the British. This act was Pres.Thomas Jefferson’s response to British and French interference with neutral U.S. merchant ships during the Napoleonic Wars.
Significance
The Embargo Act destroyed the American economy. It led to the War of 1812. Thomas Jefferson’s image suffered. This act revitalized the Federalist party in some parts of the nation.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair [PT 1]

Jun 22, 1807

Background
The Chesapeake-Leopard Affair was a naval battle that took place off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia on June 22, 1807. The English warship HMS Leopard attacked and boarded the American USS Chesapeake. The British were looking for people who had deserted the Royal Navy. The Leopard opened fire and the Chesapeake was forced to surrender. Several crew members were wounded or killed. This incident created an uproar among Americans and there were calls for war.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair (PT 2)

Jun 22, 1807

Significance
This was a symbol of the degraded relationship between Great Britain and the U.S. It was a spark that unleashed hostilities and was a major cause of the War of 1812. Source

Impressment of Sailors

1812

Background
By British law, naval captains had the right to stop ships at sea, search for deserters and other British citizens and force them to join the crews of warships. This practice was called impressment.
Significance
It was a significant cause of the War of 1812. It caused diplomatic tension and helped to turn American opinion against Britain.
Source

Tecumseh

1812

Background
Tecumseh was a Shawnee chief and warrior who promoted resistance to the expansion of the U.S. onto Native American lands. His army allied with the British against the U.S. Significance
With Tecumseh’s death at the Battle of Thames, near the Canadian border, the Indian alliance fell apart and forced a British retreat which effectively ended the War of 1812 Source

War of 1812 Begins (PT 1)

1812

Background
The War of 1812 was fought between the U.S. and Great Britain. There was disagreement over the impressment of American sailors by the British Navy, trade, western expansion and Native American policy. Source

War of 1812 Begins (PT 2)

1812

Significance
It was the Second War of Independence. The national anthem was inspired by the bombing of Washington in this war. The war showed that the U.S. could stand up for its beliefs and fight for them if necessary. It effectively destroyed the Indian’s ability to resist American expansion east of the Mississippi. It allowed the U.S. to rewrite its boundaries with Spain and get control over the Mississippi River, Gulf of Mexico and Florida. The federalist party's opposition hurt them.

War Hawks

1812

Background
The War Hawks were young, energetic Republicans that came mostly from the South and the West. They initiated legislation designed to steer the U.S. towards war.
Significance
In June of 1812, Congress declared war against Great Britain and the War of 1812 began. Source

Treaty of Ghent [https://www.archives.gov>milestone-documents>treaty]

Dec 24, 1814

Background
The Treaty of Ghent was signed on December 24, 1814 by Great Britain and American representatives at Ghent, Belgium. Great Britain agreed to relinquish claims to the North West Territory and both countries pledged to work towards ending the slave trade. The treaty settled the border of the U.S. and Canada.
Significance
The War of 1812 ended. Neither side gained nor lost territory. The Treaty of Ghent established peace between Great Britain and the U.S.

Hartford Convention [https://connecticuthistory.org>the-hartford-convention]

1815

Background
The Hartford Convention was a meeting of New England Federalists which was held in Hartford, Connecticut in 1814-1815. These Federalists opposed the War of 1812 and they wanted their complaints addressed.
Significance
The Hartford Convention resulted in a declaration calling on the federal government to protect New England and to supply financial aid to New England’s badly battered trade economy. The Federalists party lost power after this, and soon were forgotten.

Battle of New Orleans [https://wwwhistory.com>topics>battle-of-new-orleans]

Jan 8, 1815

Background
This was the last major battle of the War of 1812. It happened on January 8, 1815 under the command of General Andrew Jackson. American forces successfully repelled the invading British army.
Significance
The Battle of New Orleans was unnecessary. The Treaty of Ghent was signed two weeks before. It became a symbol of American democracy over the European ideas of aristocracy and entitlement. This was the last major armed engagement between the U.S. and Britain.