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Jefferson's Offer (to Native Americans)
Jefferson "admired native's character" but during his presidency, pushed policys that that would propose a solution to the "Indian Problem". He appointed governer William Henry Harrison to deal, and told the natives that they had one of two options: convery themselves into settles farmers and assimilate to white society, or migrte to the west of the Mississippi. This eroded tribal homelands and cultures and established the foundation for Indian removals in the 1830s. -
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1803-1815: Napoleonic Wars
These were a continuance of the tension resulting from the French Revolutions as France and Great Britian fought for continental supremacy. The US tried to remain neutral through this, but as the fighting escalated, the British and French tooks steps to keep the US from trading and ultimately resulted in the War of 1812 with GB. -
Battle of Trafalgar
Following Napolean's instituion of the "Continential System" (blocked off European continent to brittish trade). British fleet destroyed what was left of French and Spanish Navy under Admiral Horatio Nelson. -
Chesapeake-Leopard Incident
(Tried to combat impressment, but was not effective)
American naval ship "Chesapeake" met British ship "Leopard", but the Americans refused to let the British search the ship. The British inturn opened fire on the Americans, the Americans surrendered, and public outrage insued. However, Jefferson maintained the peace by expelling all British warships from American waters and sent Madison to GB in complaint. The British recalled the officer responsible but refused to renounce impressment. -
The Embargo
As a response to French and British attacks on American ships, Jefferson passed the Embargo Act. This Act forbid any foreign export of American goods. Because the American's were not prepared for war, Jefferson hoped that this act would weaken the economies of France and Great Britain, but ultimately the American economy suffered most. -
Non-Intercourse Act
The Non-Intercourse Act was similar to the Embargo Act in that it placed restrictions on foreign trade, but under the Non-Intercourse Act American's were allowed to trade wtih any foreign nation with the exception of France and Great Britain. -
Macon's Bill No. 2
After the Non-Intercourse Act, the U.S. proposed to France and Great Britain that they would start trading again with the nation that lifted its own trading restrictions first. France responded to this by changing its policies and the U.S. resumed trading with France. -
Battle of Tippecanoe
This battle was fought and won by American forces against the Native Americans Tecsumseh and Prophet led the Native Americans against William Henry Harrison's forces. -
War Hawks Elected
War Hawks Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun were elected in 1812. They were eager and advocated for war with Britain. Leading up to the War of 1812 the War Hawks provided many reasons for war and tried to pursuade other Congressmen. -
Battle of Put-In-Bay (Lake Eerie)
When Oliver Hazard Perry engaged and dispersed a British fleet at Put-in-Bay to control Lake Erie. The significance of this event was that it allowed American forces to invade Canada through Detroit. -
Battle of the Thames
When William Henry Harrison pushed up the Thames River into Upper Canada and fought British soldiers and most notably, killing their Brigadier General, Tecumseh (who was also the most important Indian leader against Westward expansion.) This disheartened and weakened the Native Americans and diminished their ability to defend their claims to the region. -
Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Andrew Jackson, a wealthy Tennessee Planter and general of the state militia, went out to get revenge on the Creeks. He slaughtered everyone. This event broke the resistance of the Creeks and they agreed to cede most of its lands to the U.S. -
British troops set fire to the White House
When the British Forces pushed up the Patuxent River from Chesapeake Bay and easily broke through American militiamen to burn the White House. This was retaliation for Americans burning the Canadian capital at York (Now New York City) -
Battle of Plattsburgh
This battle that ended the final invasion of Northern states during the war of 1812. Americans win this battle and it is significant because the British had to retreat back to Canada. -
Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner”
A battle near Baltimore (Battle of Baltimore) where British troops had to bombard Fort McHenry from a distance because the Americans had sunk ships to block approaching ships. During this battle, Francis Scott Key writes the Star Spangled Banner, which eventually became the national anthem. He inspired his song seeing the flag of the fort still flying and the pride he had from that moment. -
Hartford Convention
Delegates from several New England states including Connecticut, Rhode Island, Vermont, and New Hampshire legislatures met in Hartford, CT to write a protest against the government's involvement in the War of 1812. Fearing land invasion and weakened trade relations, the Hartford Convention recommended Constitutional amendments and financial aid to New England's commercial economy. -
Battle of New Orleans
In the Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson took the offensive against parts of Florida occupied by the Spanish. In battle, he also held off British Troops from an invasion of New Orleans. The battle concluded after treaties were signed between the Britihs and Americans. It showed the strength of the American army. -
Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent was signed after the War of 1812 in the Ghent, Belgium. In the negotation between John Quincy Adams' American delgation and British diplomats,the sides agreed to return territorial status to what it had been before the war, and no changes were made to impressment or free trade. -
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Following the War of 1812, the US and Britain agreed on mutual demilitarization along the Great Lakes in the Rush-Bagot Treaty. It limited the amounts of armed military ships on each of the lakes, creating a safe border between the US and British territories. It also divided control of the Oregon Territory. -
Treaty of 1818
The Treaty of 1818, or the Convention respecting fisheries, boundary, and the restoration of slaves was an agreement between the Monroe Administration and the British following the War of 1812. It established the US-Canada boundary at the 49th parallel, and gave fishing rights for Americans in the Northeast.
