-
Articles Of Confederation
13 newly independent states united into the united states. American political leaders adopted a weak national government at the end of the Revolutionary war because they feared a strong central government like england. Articles of Confederation had many weaknesses including congress having no power to tax, there was no common currency, no executive or judicial branch and congress could not force states to send troops. -
Critical Period
The critical period is a time period during which the U.S. was under the Articles of Confederation. Successes included Land of Ordinence of 1785, which established a plan for surveying the western lands. There is also the nortwest ordinance of 1787 that provided the process for the creation and admission of new states. The critical period experiences some problems along the way; huge war debt, inflation, disputes among states including tariffs, international problems and shays rebellion. -
Land Of Ordinance
Law passed by Congress that allowed for sales of land in the Northwest Territory and set up standards for land sale that became precedents. Among them was the idea of selling mile-square sections of land. -
Shays Rebellion
A revolt by desperate Massachusetts farmers in 1786, Shays's Rebellion arose from the economic hardship that followed the War of Independence. Named for its reluctant leader, Daniel Shays, the rebellion sought to win help from the state legislature for bankrupt and dispossessed farmers. -
Annapolis Convention
The Annapolis Convention was a meeting in 1786 at Annapolis, Maryland, that called to settle disputes amoung states over commerce. Only five states (New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia) showed up out of 13 which unanimously called for a constitutional convention. -
Northwest Ordinance
The Northwest Ordinance, officially known as the Ordinance of 1787, created the Northwest Territory, organized its governing structure, and established the procedures by which territories were admitted as states to the Union. It was derived from a proposal by Thomas Jefferson concerning the formation of states from the territory acquired as a result of the Revolutionary War. -
3/5ths Compromise
The Three-Fifths Compromise was a compromise between Southern and Northern states reached during the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 in which three-fifths of the enumerated population of slaves would be counted for representation purposes regarding both the distribution of taxes and the apportionment of the members of the United States House of Representatives. -
Constitutional Convention
-
The Great Compromise
The Great Compromise created a two house congress; senate and the House of Representatives. Each house gets two senators. The house of representatives is representation based on population. The Great Compromise balances power between large and small staes. -
Washingtons Presidency
President through March 4 1797. Was the first President of the United States. Created the Judiciary act of 1789 which established the court systems. The three executive departments were departments of state, treasury and war. Came up with the Neutrality Proclamation. During the Revolutionary war Washington decided to stay neutral. Also established Jay's treaty. -
Judiciary Act of 1789
The Judiciary Act of 1789 established the lower federal courts. Under Article III, Section 1, of the U.S. Constitution, "The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish." In the Judiciary Act, the first Congress created federal trial courts and federal appeals courts to comply with this provision. -
Bill Of Rights Signed
The Bill of Rights is the first 10 ammendments to the Constituion. On September 25, 1789, Congress transmitted to the state Legislatures twelve proposed amendments to the Constitution. Numbers three through twelve were adopted by the states to become the United States (U.S.) Bill of Rights, effective December 15, 1791. -
Cotton Gin
The Cotton Gin was created by Eli Whitney. It was a machine used for seperating cotton. Once this machine was invented they needed more slaves for use of the machine. -
Adams Presidency
John Adam's who is a federalist defeat Thomas Jefferson who was a democratic- republican. Major issues or events that happened during his presidency was the passing of alien and sedition acts. These acts outlawed critisim on the government. Jefferson and Madison wrote laws that said this act violated the first amendment. The undeclared war with France, Adams ordered the navy to start attacking French ships because they felt that Jay's treaty had violated the french and american alliance. -
Marbury Vs. Madison
Marshall declared an act of congress unconstitutional. The ruling established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review and solidified the court as a coequal branch of government, reinforcing the doctrine of the separation of powers. The decision actually reduced the powers of the Supreme Court by declaring unconstitutional additional powers granted to it by Congress under the Judicial Act of 1789. -
Lousiana Purchase
A territory of the western United States extending from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains between the Gulf of Mexico and the Canadian border. It was purchased from France on April 30, 1803, for $15 million and officially explored by the Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-1806). -
War of 1812
The war of 1812 was caused by interference with American shipping as well as british aid to the indians in the west. Madison called for the war which was supported by southern and western democratic republicans. "Warhawks" were nicknames to americans wanting to land from the indians in the west. Northeastern federalists made money trading with britain. The Hartford convention was during this time where federalists discussed seceding from the U.S. In a war the U.S. won the war. -
McCulloch Vs. Maryland
Marshall upheld the federal governments right to establish a bank. He said the state couldn't tax the bank due to national supremacy. This case established the doctrine of implied powers and also showed the court could mediate between states and the federal government. -
Age of the Common Man
It is also called the Age of Jacksonian Democracy. Andrew Jackson was the first President of "the common man." Jackson believed that the "average" man was capable of running governments, state and national. He was not formally educated yet was well versed in politics. He believed that the aristocratic element in politics should end. During this period, more people were given the right to vote; more participation in government was taking place; public education was also increasing -
Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Comprimise was an agreement in 1820 between pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions in the United States concerning the extension of slavery into new territories. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine warned Europe against futur colonization in the America's and any interference in independent country in the western hemisphere. It said the west was different from Europe because Europe had monarchies and the Western Hemisphere had republics. -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Uncle Tom's cabin was a book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. It was a book that told stories from slaves. It showed what slavery was really like from the point of view of a slave. Uncle Tom's cabin was one of the best selling books of that century. -
Dred Scott Case
In March 1857 a chief justice said that all slaves, free or not will never be citizens of the United states. The case was Dred Scott a slave who lived in the free state of Illinois and Wisconsin before moving back to the slave state of Missouri, he appealed to the supreme court to be granted his freedom, -
Spanish-American War
This was a war against spain and the United States fought in 1898. The war began as an intervention by the United States on behalf of Cuba. -
Treaty of Paris 1898
A treaty ending the Spanish-American war, in which Spain freed Cuba, turned over the islands of Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States and sold the Phillipines to the United states for 20 Million dollars. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy is a term in foreign affairs initially used to refer to the United States policy in the late 19th century and early 20th century outlined in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dispatched in 1899 to his European counterparts. -
Boxer Rebellion
Rebellion in which members of a Chinese secret society sought to free their country from Western Influence. -
Platt Amendment
A series of provisions that in 1901 the united states insisted Cuba add to it's new constitution, commanding Cuba to stay out of debt and give the United States the right to intervene in the country and the right to buy or lease Cuban land for naval and fueling stations. -
Roosevelt Corollary
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine , announced by President Teddy Roosevelt in 1904, under whcih the United States claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military inervention in the affairs of Western Hemisphere nations. -
Panama Canal
An artificial waterway cut through the Isthmas of Panama to provide a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans, opened in 1914. -
WW1
The world’s first global conflict, the “Great War” pitted the Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary and the Ottoman Empire against the Allied forces of Great Britain, the United States, France, Russia, Italy and Japan. The introduction of modern technology to warfare resulted in unprecedented carnage and destruction, with more than 9 million soldiers killed by the end of the war in November 1918. -
Great Migration
The large movement of African american families that migrated from the south to northern cities in the early 20th century. They were trying to find new jobs and create a better life style for their families. -
U.S enters WW1
On April 6, 1917, the U.S. joined its allies--Britain, France, and Russia--to fight in World War I. Under the command of Major General John J. Pershing, more than 2 million U.S. soldiers fought on battlefields in France. Many Americans were not in favor of the U.S. entering the war and wanted to remain neutral. However, the U.S. eventually did enter the war. -
14 points
Principles making up President Woodrow Wilson plan for world peace following WW1. -
Treaty of Versallies
The 1919 peace treaty at the end of World War 1 whcih established new nations, borders and war reparations. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibited the manufacture, sale, transport, import, or export of alcoholic beverages. -
Harlem Renaissance
An uprise in african american artistic ability. This was a time of jazz, art, a time where african americans could express their talent. -
Scopes Trial
A sensational 1925 court case in whcih the biology teacher John T. Scopes was tried for teaching evolution. -
Hoover
President Herbert Hoover. Hoover created these towns called Hoovervilles where people stayed with their families. Majority of their paychecks went to these. And they weren't even nice places. People actually built the places themselves. Hoover was to blame for the depression. -
Great Depression
The Great depression was where the economy just hit rock bottom. It was a time where everyone was in panic to sell their stocks. They lost everything they had put into banks because at the time we didn't have FDIC. It lasted from 1929-1940. Millions of americans were unemployed. -
Black Tuesday
The day the Stock Market crashed. This is where the prices of stocks ust completely fell. Everyone rushed to sell their stocks but there was no way to do that. -
Dust Bowl
This was a period where there was a huge drought! Farming was made impossible. The regions that suffered from this were Texas, Oklahoma, Colorado, Kansas and New Mexico. People migrated to the west to escape this horrible drought. People just left their farms and homes behind because you couldn't do anything with the land you had. -
New Deal
Franklin Roosevelts program to alieviate the problems of the great depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform. -
FDIC
An agency created in 1933 that insured individuals bank accounts, protecting them from losses due to bank failures. You can't walk in to a bank today and not see FDIC posted at least once around the bank. -
FDR
FDR was that much loved president. In his first hundred days in office he created the New Deal. His goal was to reestablish what america truly was. FDR was in office for the great depression and World War II. The economy improved rapidly while he was in office. He created many programs to help aid workers and get them the help they needed. -
Wagner Act
This was made to protect the rights of workers. It also prohibited unfair labor practices such as threatening workers, firing union members and interferring with union organizing. The federal government protected the right of workers to join unions and engage in collective bargaining with other workers. -
Social Security
This was a law that was enacted in 1935 to provide aid to retirees, the unemplyed, people with disabilities and families with dependant children. -
CLO
This was a Labor organization composed of industrialunions founded in 1938, it then merged to the AFL in 1955. -
Fair Labor Standards Act
establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, recordkeeping, and youth employment standards affecting full-time and part-time workers in the private sector and in Federal, State, and local governments. -
Non Agression Pact
An agreement in which two nations promised not to go to war with each other. In this case it was between Germany and the Soviet Union. Eventually Germany didn't obey the act and invaded the Soviet union. -
War in Europe begins
War began when Germany invaded poland. This made the country split into the Allies and the Axis powers. Axis included Germany, Italy and Japan. The Allie powers were U.S., Soviet Union and the UK. -
Selective Service Act wwII
This drafted over 10 million men into the war. For a while during the war isolationism was key because nobody wanted to get involved in the war. -
Germny invades Russia
Germany invaded the Soviet Union. At first they moved quickly then they stalled in 1942. Battle of Stalingrad took place, this was a months long siege of russian city by germany. Many germans died and has to retreat. Germany then threatened the soviet oil, Turning point in the east. -
Pearl Harbor
"A date that will live in infamy..". Pearl Harbor was a surprise air attack on a U.S. naval base. It crushed a U.S. pacific fleet and killed thousands of people and injured even more. FDR decided that he was going to declare war now. -
US declares war
When congress decided to declare war the US decided to prepare. We created warbond and income tax to pay for war. Buisnesses such as car factories started making tanks instead of cars. People rationed and maintained the essential products. -
Miracle of Midway
The U.S. navy beat a larger japanese force and ended the threat in Hawaii. The Allies took control. -
D-Day
This was the invasion of Normandy France. The allies landed in german occupied land and faced heavy casualties. The day was successful. This also began the liberation of western europe. -
Korematsu V. U.S
Fred Korematsu refused to obey the wartime order to leave his home and report to a relocation camp for Japanese Americans. He was arrested and convicted. After losing in the Court of Appeals, he appealed to the United States Supreme Court, challenging the constitutionality of the deportation order. -
Battle of the Bulge
The battle of the bulge was a german counterfence. The allies soon recovered. -
Nuremburg Trials
These were tials held for the nazi leaders and they were tried for war crimes. These were a series of 13 trials that were carried out in nuremburg germany. One man that should have been put on trial was Hitler but he committed suiside before the trials started. -
Cold War
The uneasy peace after WWII, marked by rivalry between the United Staes and the Soviet Union, lasting from 1945 to 1991. Foreign policy was a major issue in every presidential election in this period. -
Division of Germany
Eastern Germany became communist and remained under soviet domination. The westrn part of germany was temerparily under U.S., British and French occupation. Soon it resumed itself gov't and became democratic. -
V-E Day
"Victory in Europe day" on which general Eisenhower's acceptance of the unconditional surrender of nazi germany marked the end of world warII. -
Hiroshima A-Bomb
The US built the Atomic Bomb. We dropped the first one on Hiroshima. This killed hundreds of thousands of people. We wanted them to surrender. He was targetting japanese cities. -
Nagasaki A-Bomb
After the first atomic bombwe dropped japanese forces didn't take the hint, so we dropped another one. Killing another hundred thousand people. Truman did this rather than kill americans in an invasion of Japan. Japan soon surrendered and that day is called V-day -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was a program proposed by Secretary of state George Marshall in 1947, under which the United States supplied economic aid to european nations to help them rebuild after world war II. -
Berlin Airlift
A 327 day operation in which the United States and british planes flew food or candy and supplies into west berlin after the soviets blockaded the city in 1948. -
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty was a defensive military alliance formed in 1949 by ten western european countries, united states and canada. The main goal was to prevent the soviet invasion of western europe. -
Communist Takeover of China
Communism to the united states is a fear. We hate communism. It can't actually function correctly forever. Communism took over china. Which is why we had the Korean war because south korea did not want communism but North Korea liked communism. -
Korean War
The Korean war was a conflict between North Korea and South Korea. It lasted from 1950-1953, in which the United States and other UN countries fought on the side of the South Koreans and china fought on the side of the North koreans. -
Julius and Ethel Rosenburg
Julius and Ethel Rosenburg were convicted for giving atomic bomb secrets to the soviets, They were senetenced and convicted to the electric chair. -
Eisenhower
Was elected in 1952 and lasted til 1956. He delt with issues based on the cold war such as nuclear weapons. The arms race was in the early 1950's where the soviets matched the U.S.'s nuclear capabilities. Each raced to build more nukes. The hydrogen bomb was created which was stronger than the nuclear bomb. -
Warsaw Pact
This was a pact that was formed from an alliance among the soviet uniuon and East European countries. Both sides maintained large military forces in europe. -
Sputnik
The spacerace had begun. Nobody had ever launched something into space and the soviets beat us to it. on Oct 14 the soviet union launched their satelite sputnik into space. -
JFK
"Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.." the famous words from JFK. John F. Kennedy was assasinated in Dallas Texas by Lee Harvey Oswald. Kennedy won america over by his stupendous charm. Quite a ladies man. He a huge part of the cold war. Such as Kruschev and JFK agreements. He was a loved president and definately one to remember. -
U2 Incident
Fransis Gary Powers was shot down while spying on the Soviet Union. We were watching to see what they were doing because we were in an arms race with the soviets. We didnt think they would catch on to what were doing until this incident happened. -
Berlin Wall
The berlin wall awas a concrete wall that seperated eaast germany from west germany from 1961 to 1989. It was built by communist East german government to prevent its citizens from fleeing to the west. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
The Soviets stationed nuclear missles in canada. JFK demanded their removal and blockaded cuba. The soviets "blinked" and removed their missles. -
JFK Assasination
JFk was assasinated by Lee Harvey Oswald in 1963. He was in Dallas Texas at the time in a car with his wife when someone shot him in the head. it got on his wife. He died instatly.
