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civil disobediance
the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest -
Sharecropping/ tenant farming
A from of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in exchange for a portion of their crops produced on their portion of the land -
Black codes
In the US, the black codes were laws passed by democrat controlled southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the civil war, these laws had the intent and the effect of restricting African Americans freedom, and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt -
13th Amendment
Declares that "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been convicted, shall exist within the unites states, or any place subject to their jurisdiction -
14th amendment
granted citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the united states" which included former slaves recently freed -
15th amendment
prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizens race, color, or previous condition of servitude -
lynching
To kill, especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial -
plessy v. ferguson
a landmark constitutional law case of the US supreme court decided in 1986. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctorine of "seperate but equal". -
Rosa Parks
An activist in the civil rights movement, whom the US congress called ¨the first lady of civil rights¨ and ¨ the mother of the freedom movement¨ -
CORE
An african american civil rights organization in the united states that played a pivotal role for african americans in the civil rights movement -
Jim crow laws
" Jim crow " by 1838 had become a pejorative expression meaning "negro" when southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century -
desegregation
The ending of a policy of racial segregation -
brown v. board of education
a landmark of the US supreme court case in which they declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional -
Orval Faubus
An american politician who served as the 36th govenor of arkansas -
Emmett till
a 14 year old African american who was lynched in Mississppi in 1955, after a white women said she was offended by him in her familys grocery store -
Montegomery bus boycott
a seminal event in the civil rights movement, was a political and social protest against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of montegomery alabama -
Little rock nine
a group of african american students enrolled in little rock central highschool on 1957. -
SCLC
The southern christian leader conference is an African american civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president martin Luther king Jr, had a large role in american civil rights movement -
Civil rights act of 1957
Enacted September 9, 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed By the united states congress, since the civil rights act of 1875 -
Non violent protest
The practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protest, civil disobidiance, economic or political non cooperation -
Sit-ins
attend a meeting or discussion without taking an active part in the discussion -
Affirmative action
an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination -
Freedom Riders
Civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern united states, in 1961 and subsequent years, in order to challenge the non-enforcment of the US -
Cesar Chavez
American labor leader and civil rights activist who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the national farm workers association in 1962 -
Ole miss integration
riots erupted on the campus of the university of Mississippi in oxford where locals, students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith, a black air force veteran attempting to integrate the all white school -
george wallace
American politician and the 45th govenor of Alabama, having served two nonsecutive terms as a democrat. -
Betty Friedan
american writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the womens movement in the US, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique -
U of alabama integregation
When African american students attempted to desegregate the university of Alabama . Alabamas new govenor, flanked by state troopers literally blocked the door of the enrollment office -
March on washington
more than 200,000 demonstraters took part in the march on Washington for jobs and freedom in the nations capital. The march on Washington was succesful in pressuring the administration of john f. Kennedy to initiate a strong federal civil rights bill in congress -
civil rights act of 1964
A landmark civil rights and US labor law in the united states that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, or national origin -
Voting rights act of 1965
Signed into law by the president Lyndon Jhonson , aimed to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15th amendment -
Watts riots
took place in the watts neighborhood of LA . African american motorists was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving -
Black panthers
a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton in october 1966 -
Lester Maddox
An american politician who served as the US state of Geargia -
Martin Luther king Jr
An american baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and the leader in the civil rights movement -
Title IX 9
"no person in the united states shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance -
Thurgood Marshall
An associate of the US, serving from October 1967 to October 1991. Marshall was the courts 96th justice and its first African american justice. -
Hector P Garcia
A Mexican american physician, surgeon, world war ll veteran civil rights advocate of the american G.I forum -
Stokely Carmicheal
Kwame Ture was a trinidadian-american who became a prominent figure in the civil rights movement
