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14th Amendment
Granted citizenship -
15th Amendment
Grants voting rights -
Jim Crow Laws
They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
landmark United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the United States, upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal". -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
Offers assitance to African Americans with regards to matters involving civil rights -
19th Amendment
Gives right to vote to women -
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) was created to combat the discrimination that Hispanics face in the United States. -
Federal Housing Authority
a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It insured loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building and home buying. The goals of this organization are to improve housing standards and conditions, provide an adequate home financing system through insurance of mortgage loans, and to stabilize the mortgage market. -
Social Security
In the United States, Social Security refers to the Old-Age, Survivors, and Disability Insurance (OASDI) federal program.Social Security is primarily funded through dedicated payroll taxes called Federal Insurance Contributions Act tax (FICA). -
Congress on Racial Equality (CORE)
The Congress of Racial Equality or CORE is a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Membership in CORE is still stated to be open to "anyone who believes that 'all people are created equal' and are willing to work towards the ultimate goal of true equality throughout the world. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
Eleanor Roosevelt—the niece of Theodore Roosevelt—was one of the most outspoken women in the White House. She married Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1905. During her husband's presidency, Eleanor gave press conferences and wrote a newspaper column. After his death, she served at the Unite Nations, focusing on human rights and women's issues. -
Mendez v. Westminster
Mendez v. Westminster School District (1947) was actually the first case in which segregation in education was successfully challenged in federal court. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector Perez Garcia (January 17, 1914-July 26, 1996) was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.[1] As a result of the national prominence he earned through his work on behalf of Hispanic Americans, he was instrumental in the appointment of Mexican American and American G.I. Forum charter member Vicente T. Ximenes to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission in 1966,[2] was named alternate ambassador to the Uni -
Delgado v. Bastrop ISD
Landmark Case in Texas that dealt with racial segregation -
Sweatt v. Painter
a U.S. Supreme Court case that successfully challenged the "separate but equal" doctrine of racial segregation established by the 1896 case Plessy v. Ferguson. The case was influential in the landmark case of Brown v. Board of Education four years later. -
Hernandez v. Texas
Hernandez v. Texas was a landmark United States Supreme Court case that decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall studied law at Howard University. As counsel to the NAACP, he utilized the judiciary to champion equality for African Americans. In 1954, he won the Brown v. Board of Education case, in which the Supreme Court ended racial segregation in public schools. Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court in 1967, and served for 24 years. -
Brown v. Board of Education
A black third-grader named Linda Brown had to walk one mile through a railroad switchyard to get to school, even though a white school was only seven blocks away. Brown and the NAACP appealed to the Supreme Court on October 1, 1951 and their case was combined with other cases and challenged school segregation. The Supreme Court struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine of Plessy for public education, ruled in favor of the plaintiffs, and required the desegregation of schools across America. -
Sonia Sotomayor
Black female supreme court associate justice, nominated by Obama. -
Civil Rights Movement
voting rights legislation, racial discrimination, and leaders emerging from ordinary circumstances to be symbols ofr civil rights
1955- 1968 -
Rosa Parks
Her refusal to surrender her seat to a white passenger on a Montgomery, Alabama bus spurred a city-wide boycott. The city of Montgomery had no choice but to lift the law requiring segregation on public buses. Rosa Parks received many accolades during her lifetime, including the NAACP's highest award. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. The campaign lasted from December 1955, when Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person, to December 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court decision that declared the Alabama and Montgomery laws requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional -
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
An African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. -
Orval Faubus
Orval Eugene Faubus served six consecutive terms as governor of Arkansas, holding the office longer than any other person. His record was in many ways progressive, but he is most widely remembered for his attempt to block the desegregation of Little Rock’s Central High School in 1957. His stand against what he called “forced integration” resulted in President Dwight D. Eisenhower’s sending federal troops to Little Rock (Pulaski County) to enforce the 1954 desegregation ruling of the Supreme Cour -
Civil Rights Act 1957
Primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation enacted by Congress in the United States since Reconstruction following the American Civil War. -
Non-Violent Protests
Protests that don't use any sort of violence even when violence is applied against them. -
Militant Protests
Having a combative character; aggressive, especially in the service of a cause -
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
A student run nonviolent organization that worked on major sit-ins and the Freedom Rides. It also played a big part in the March on Washingtion. -
Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique)
The Feminine Mystique is a nonfiction book by Betty Friedan first published in 1963. It is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States -
Martin Luther King, Jr.
King headed the SCLC. Through his activism, he played a pivotal role in ending the legal segregation of African-American citizens, as well as the creation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. King received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964, among several other honors. King was assassinated in April 1968, and continues to be remembered as one of the most lauded African-American leaders in history, often referenced by his 1963 speech, "I have a Dream" -
March on Washington
One of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It took place in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr., stood in front of the Lincoln Memorial and delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony during the march. -
George Wallace
Alabama governor George Wallace entered the national spotlight during the civil rights battles of the 1960s by vehemently opposing the federally mandated integration of Alabama schools. He stayed active in politics until the 1980s and later renounced his segregationist ideology. -
Lyndon Baines Johnson
"A Great Society" for the American people and their fellow men elsewhere was the vision of Lyndon B. Johnson. In his first years of office he obtained passage of one of the most extensive legislative programs in the Nation's history. Maintaining collective security, he carried on the rapidly growing struggle to restrain Communist encroachment in Viet Nam. -
24th Amendment
Passed to prevent voting discrimination against the poor by outlawing poll taxes -
Civil Rights Act 1964
Differed from earlier attempts to address minority rights by focusing on ending discrimination in the work place -
Great Society
Great Society social reforms were the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. Medicare, Head Start, upward bound -
Head Start
Great society program of the United States Department of Health and Human Services that provides comprehensive education, health, nutrition, and parent involvement services to low-income children and their families -
Medicare
a national social insurance program, administered by the U.S. federal government since 1965, that guarantees access to health insurance for Americans ages 65 and older and younger people with disabilities -
Voting Rights Act 1965
Landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S -
Cesar Chavez
Cesar Chavez employed nonviolent means to bring attention to the plight of farmworkers, and formed both the National Farm Workers Association, which later became United Farmer Workers. As a labor leader, Chavez led marches, called for boycotts and went on several hunger strikes. It is believed that Chavez's hunger strikes contributed to his death: He died on April 23, 1993 in San Luis, Arizona. -
Affirmative Action
refers to policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin"[1] into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business" -
Upward Bound
The goal of Upward Bound is to provide certain categories of high school students better opportunities for attending college. The categories of greatest concern are those with low income, those with parents who did not attend college,[1] and those living in rural areas. The program works through individual grants, each of which covers a restricted geographic area and provide services to approximately 50 to 100 students annually. -
National Organization for Women (NOW)
An organization founded in 1966 and which has a membership of 500,000 contributing members set up for the advancement of women. -
United Farm Workers Organizing Committee (UFWOC)
This union changed from a workers' rights organization that helped workers get unemployment insurance to that of a union of farmworkers almost overnight, when the NFWA went out on strike in support of the mostly Filipino farmworkers of the AWOC in Delano, California who had previously initiated a grape strike on September 8, 1965. -
Black Panthers
Used strategies to achieve equal rights that inculded violent and militant forms of protest -
25th Amendment
Deals with succession to the Presidency and establishes procedures both for filling a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, as well as responding to Presidential disabilities. -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
The organization was formed to address various issues concerning the Native American urban community in Minneapolis, including poverty, housing, treaty issues, and police harassment -
Tinker v. De Moines
Ruling was that the 1st amendment applies to public schools with regards to regulating speech in the classroom -
La Raza Unida (Mexican Americans United)
American political party centered on Chicano nationalism. During the 1970s the Party campaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans. -
26th Amendment
Passed due to the fact that citizens were being drafted into the military at the age of 18, but were not allowed to vote -
Dolores Huerta
Dolores Huerta has worked to improve social and economic conditions for farm workers and to fight discrimination. To further her cause, she created the Agricultural Workers Association (AWA) in 1960 and co-founded what would become the United Farm Workers (UFW). Huerta stepped down from the UFW in 1999, but she continues to her work to improve the lives of workers, immigrants and women. -
Title IX
No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance... -
Barbara Jordan
Barbara Jordan was a lawyer and educator who was a congresswoman from 1972 to 1978—the first African-American congresswoman to come from the deep South and the first woman ever elected to the Texas Senate (1966). She captured the attention of President Lyndon Johnson, who invited her to the White House for a preview of his 1967 civil rights message. -
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
Landmark case in Texas, redistributed property taxes to poorer districts, led to Robin Hood Legislation.
