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Amendments
is a law written in the constitution -
14th Amendment
was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the reconstruction amendment -
15th Amendment
15th prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude" (for example, slavery). It was ratified on February 3, 1870. -
Jim crow laws
were state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965. They mandated de jure racial segregation in all public facilities in Southern states of the former Confederacy, with, starting in 1890, a "separate but equal" status for African Americans. -
plessey v ferguson
Plessy attempted to sit in an all-white railroad car. After refusing to sit in the black railway carriage car, Plessy was arrested for violating an 1890 Louisiana statute that provided for segregated “separate but equal” railroad accommodations. Those using facilities not designated for their race were criminally liable under the statute. -
Thurgood Marshall
was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice. -
Lyndon B Johnson
often referred to as LBJ, was the 36th President of the United States (1963–1969), a position he assumed after his service as the 37th Vice President of the United States (1961–1963) -
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
abbreviation of National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, first attested 1910. Organization founded Feb. 12, 1909, as National Negro Committee. -
Orval Faubus
was the 36th Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas National Guard to stop African-American students from attending Little Rock Central High School. Despite his initial staunch segregationist stances, Faubus moderated his positions lat -
Rosa Parks
was an African-American civil rights activist, whom the U.S. Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement". -
Hector P Garcia
was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.[ -
George Wallace
was an American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983–1987. -
19th Amendment
19th prohibits any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920 -
Cesar Chavez
as an American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association -
Martin Luthur King Jr.
was an American clergyman, activist, and leader in the African-American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience. -
League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC)
as created to combat the discrimination that Hispanics face in the United States. -
American Indian Movement (AIM)
a Native American activist organization in the United States, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, with an agenda that focuses on spirituality, leadership, and sovereignty. -
Dolores Huerta
a labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers -
Federal Housing Authority
A government agency whose primary purpose is to insure residential mortgage loans, as well as to improve housing conditions. -
Social Security
A federal insurance program that provides benefits to retired persons, the unemployed, and the disabled. -
Barbara Jordan
was an American politician and a leader of the Civil Rights movement. She was the first African American elected to the Texas Senate after Reconstruction and the first southern black female elected to the United States House of Representatives -
Delgado v Bastrop ISD
Until the late 1940s the public education system in Texas for Mexican Americans offered segregated campuses with often minimal facilities and a curriculum frequently limited to vocational training. -
Mendez v Westminister
in SEPTEMBER 1943, Sylvia Mendez, then 9 years old, and her two brothers went with their aunt and three cousins to enroll at the 17th Street School in Westminster.School officials, however, told her aunt that her children, who were half-Mexican but had light skin and a French surname, could register at the "white" elementary school,but the Mendez kids, who were dark skinned and had a Mexican last name, were not allowed; they had to enroll at the "Mexican" schoool -
Sweet v Painter
Racial separation by force of law was a historic custom in the United States until the decision of Sweatt v. Painter by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1950 -
Hernandez v Texas
The first and only Mexican-American civil-rights case heard and decided by the United States Supreme Court during the post-World War II period was Hernández v. the State of Texas. In 1950 Pete Hernández, a migrant cotton picker, was accused of murdering Joe Espinosa in Edna, Texas, a small town in Jackson County -
Congress on Racial Equality (CORE)
a U.S. civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for African-Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Membership in CORE is still stated to be open to "anyone who believes that 'all people are created equal' and are willing to work towards the ultimate goal of true equality throughout the world. -
Brown v Board of Education
was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional -
Sonia Solomayor
s an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, serving since August 2009. Sotomayor is the Court's 111th justice, its first Hispanic justice, and its third female justice. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a seminal event in the U.S. civil rights movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. -
Non- Violent Protest
s the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, and other methods, without using violence -
Civil Rights Act 1957
President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed into law the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Originally proposed by Attorney General Herbert Brownell, the Act marked the first occasion since Reconstruction that the federal government undertook significant legislative action to protect civil rights -
Great Society
was a set of domestic programs in the United States announced by President Lyndon B. Johnson at Ohio University and subsequently promoted by him and fellow Democrats in Congress in the 1960s. -
National Organization for Women (NOW),
Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC s an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC was closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. The SCLC had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Civil RIghts movement
during the 1960s to help african americans and hispanics -
Affrimative
policies that take factors including "race, color, religion, gender, sexual orientation, or national origin, into consideration in order to benefit an underrepresented group "in areas of employment, education, and business -
Militant protest
A fighting, warring, or aggressive person or party. -
Eleanor Roosevelt
was the longest-serving First Lady of the United States, holding the post from 1933 to 1945 during her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt's four terms in office. -
24th Amendment
prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964 -
Betty Friedan (The Feminine Mystique),
which is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States. -
March on Washington
as styled in a sound recording released after the event was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans. It took place in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963. Martin Luther King, Jr., standing in front of the Lincoln Memorial, delivered his historic "I Have a Dream" speech advocating racial harmony during the march. -
Civil Rights Act 1964
was a landmark piece of legislation in the United States that outlawed major forms of discrimination against racial, ethnic, national and religious minorities, and women -
Upward Bound
was ment to help outamerica in a positive way -
Medicare
A federal program that pays for certain health care expenses for people aged 65 or older. Enrolled individuals must pay deductibles and co-payments, but much of their medical costs are covered by the program -
Voting Rights Act
a landmark piece of national legislation in the United States that outlawed discriminatory voting practices that had been responsible for the widespread disenfranchisement of African Americans in the U.S -
United Farm Workers Organizaing Commitee (UFWOC)
is a labor union created from the merging of two groups, the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) led by Filipino organizer Larry Itliong, and the National Farm Workers Association (NFWA) led by César Chávez. -
Black Panthers
was an African-American revolutionary socialist organization active in the United States from 1966 until 1982. The Black Panther Party achieved national and international notoriety through its involvement in the Black Power movement and U.S. politics of the 1960s and 1970s -
25th Amendment
In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President. -
student non-violent commitee (SNCC)
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee (SNCC was one of the organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a series of student meetings led by Ella Baker held at Shaw University -
Tinker v. De Moines
Petitioners, three public school pupils in Des Moines, Iowa, were suspended from school for wearing black armbands to protest the Government's policy in Vietnam. They sought nominal damages and an injunction against a regulation that the respondents had promulgated banning the wearing of armbands. Argued November 12, 1968 Decided February 24, 1969 -
La Raza Unida (Mexican Americans United)
was an American political party centered on Chicano nationalism. During the 1970s the Party campaigned for better housing, work, and educational opportunities for Mexican-Americans. -
26th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age. -
Title IX
made it legal for girls to play sports in school -
Edgewood ISD v. Kirby
Demetrio Rodriguez and other parents of Mexican American students in the Edgewood Independent School District of San Antonio, Texas, filed a class action suit in U.S. District Court challenging Texas’ public school finance
