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Mohandas Ghandi
1888 Against the wishes of his family, Gandhi sailed for England to study law. In London, he was exposed to new ideas and many elements of British society and culture — he took dancing and violin lessons, read new religious works, and participated in British vegetarian groups. -
Muslim League
The All-India Muslim League (AIML) was a political party established in Dhaka in 1906 when some well-known Muslim politicians met the Viceroy of British. -
Constitutional Revolution
Constitutional revolution is a more limited or narrower concept in the sense that its core meaning refers to fundamental change to or within a constitutional order, as distinct from the broader or more encompassing political order of which it is part: in essence, a legal revolution versus a political one -
Gave Independence
Great Britain gave South Africa
independence. -
African National Congress
The date when African national congress was formed. One of the political rights activist for the ANC was Nelson Mandela. -
Satyagraha
A policy of passive political resistance, especially that advocated by Mahatma Gandhi against British rule in India. -
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Jawaharlal Nehru
The first prime minister of independent India, Jawaharlal Nehru was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi and had advocated for India's release from British rule. -
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India Independence Movement
Gandhi launched and directed three major campaigns in the Indian Independence Movement: noncooperation in 1919-1922, the civil disobedience movement and the Salt Satyagraha of 1930-1931, and the Quit India movement from about 1940-1942. -
Salt March
Gandhi set out from his ashram, or religious retreat, at Sabermanti near Ahmedabad, with several dozen followers on a trek of some 240 miles to the coastal town of Dandi on the Arabian Sea. There, Gandhi and his supporters were to defy British policy by making salt from seawater. -
Kikuyu Tribe
Today, their main economic activities are trade, agriculture and livestock keeping. They grow many crops including potatoes, bananas, millet, maize, beans and vegetables. Other common cash crops grown include tea, coffee and rice. -
Civil Disobedience
Indian independence leader Mohandas Gandhi begins a defiant march to the sea in protest of the British monopoly on salt, his boldest act of civil disobedience yet against British rule in India. -
Quit India
On 8 August 1942 at the All-India Congress Committee session in Bombay, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi launched the 'Quit India' movement. The next day, Gandhi, Nehru and many other leaders of the Indian National Congress were arrested by the British Government. -
Indian National Congress
It aimed to obtain a greater share in government for educated Indians and to create a platform for civic and political dialogue between them and the British Raj. -
Pan Africanism
Pan-Africanism was the attempt to create a sense of brotherhood and collaboration among all people of African descent whether they lived inside or outside of Africa. The themes raised in this excerpt connect to the aspirations of people, the values of European culture, and the world of African colonies. -
Quit Then Seperate
The Quit India Movement, also known as the Bharat Chhodo Andolan, was a movement launched at the Bombay session of the All India Congress Committee -
Partition
India and Pakistan become Independent nations. Jawaharlal Nehru addresses the nation on August 15, 1947. On August 15, 1947, India and Pakistan gained full independence as two separate nations, with Jawaharlal Nehru as the Indian Prime Minister and Muhammad Ali Jinnah as the Pakistani Prime Minister. -
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Muhammad Ali Jinnah
Mohammed Ali Jinnah was the founder and first governor-general (1947–48) of Pakistan. He is revered as the father of Pakistan. He also sought the political union of Hindus and Muslims, which earned him the title of “the best ambassador of Hindu-Muslim unity.” -
Accra Riots
Nii Kwabena Bonne II organized a boycott of all European goods on 26th January 1948 in response to their high prices which was having a toll on the living conditions of people in the Gold Coast. -
Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration (“Balfour's promise” in Arabic) was a public pledge by Britain in 1917 declaring its aim to establish “a national home for the Jewish people” in Palestine. -
PLO
Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), Arabic Munaẓẓamat al-Taḥrīr Filasṭīniyyah, umbrella political organization claiming to represent the world's Palestinians—those Arabs, and their descendants, who lived in mandated Palestine before the creation there of the State of Israel in 1948 -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Those 30 articles currently known as 30 universal declaration of human rights or 30 basic human rights, including rights to life, rights to education, rights to organize and rights to treated fair among others things. The 30 universal human rights also cover up freedom of opinion, expression, thought and religion. -
apartheid
apartheid starts, apartheid is laws that called for the separation of races in South Africa -
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South Africa Apartheid
A former social system in South Africa in which black people and people from other racial groups did not have the same political and economic rights as white people and were forced to live separately from white people. -
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Ghana Independence Movement
The Gold Coast (now known as Ghana) gained independence from Britain. Ghana became a member of the Commonwealth of Nations and was led to independence by Kwame Nkrumah who transformed the country into a republic, with himself as president for life. -
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Mau Mau Rebellion
The Mau Mau stepped up its attacks on European settlers and Kikuyu, culminating in the attack on the village of Lari in March 1953 in which 84 Kikuyu civilians, mainly women and children, were murdered. British troops began to reinforce local forces to try and counter these attacks. -
Detention Camps
The British government used concentration camps during the 1952–1960 Mau Mau Uprising in British Kenya. Thomas Askwith, the official tasked with designing the British 'detention and rehabilitation' programme during the summer and autumn of 1953, termed his system the Pipeline. -
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Cuban Revolution
The Cuban Revolution was the overthrow of Fulgencio Batista's regime by the 26th of July Movement and the establishment of a new Cuban government led by Fidel Castro. -
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“The Shah”
By 11 February 1979, the monarchy was officially brought down and Khomeini assumed leadership over Iran while guerrillas and rebel troops overwhelmed Pahlavi loyalists in armed combat. -
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Algerian War for Independence
France and the leaders of the Front de Liberation Nationale (FLN) sign a peace agreement to end the seven-year Algerian War, signaling the end of 130 years of colonial French rule in Algeria. -
Kenya Africa Union
Kenya chairs the Sub-Committee on Programmes and Conferences that seeks to align the programmes and activities of the AUC to the strategic plan. -
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Congo Independence Movement
Reports of widespread murder, torture, and other abuses in the rubber plantations led to international and Belgian outrage and the Belgian government transferred control of the region from Leopold II and established the Belgian Congo in 1908. Following unrest, Belgium granted Congo independence in June 1960. -
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Patrice Lumumba
He was the leader of the Congolese National Movement (MNC) from 1958 until his execution in January 1961. Ideologically an African nationalist and pan-Africanist, he played a significant role in the transformation of the Congo from a colony of Belgium into an independent republic. -
Assassination of Patrice Lumumba
Lumumba was captured and imprisoned en route by state authorities under Mobutu. He was handed over to Katangan authorities, and executed in the presence of Katangan and Belgian officials and military officers. His body was thrown into a shallow grave, but later dug up and destroyed. -
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Fidel Castro
Ideologically a Marxist–Leninist and Cuban nationalist, he also served as the first secretary of the Communist Party of Cuba from 1961 until 2011. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. -
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Jomo Kenyatta
He was the country's first president and played a significant role in the transformation of Kenya from a colony of the British Empire into an independent republic. Ideologically an African nationalist and conservative, he led the Kenya African National Union (KANU) party from 1961 until his death. -
London Conference 1962
The London Naval Conference of 1930 was the third in a series of five meetings, formed with the purpose of placing limits on the naval capacity of the world's largest naval powers. -
Evian Accords
Algerian War with a formal cease-fire proclaimed for 19 March and formalized the status of Algeria as an independent nation and the idea of cooperative exchanges between the two countries. -
Six Day War
Israel defeated three Arab armies, gained territory four times its original size, and became the preeminent military power in the region. The war transformed Israel from a nation that perceived itself as fighting for survival into an occupier and regional powerhouse. -
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Cambodian Civil War
The Khmer Rouge were very clever and brutal. Their tactics were effective because most of us refused to believe their malicious intentions. Their goal was to liberate us. They risked their own lives and gave up their families for "justice" and "equality." How could these worms have come out of our own skin? -
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Kwame Nkrumah
Kwame Nkrumah spearheaded the Gold Coast's independence movement and its transformation into modern-day Ghana. He inspired subsequent independence movements throughout Africa. He became Ghana's first prime minister in 1952 and later its first president. -
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Iranian Revolution
The major cause of the Iranian Revolution of 1979 was the government's inability to satisfy the rising expectations of the Iranian people—especially following the sudden enormous increase in the price of oil in 1973. -
National Liberation Front
The National Liberation Front of America was a terrorist organization. On behalf of the "workers and all the oppressed," a member of the faction hijacked Air Force One in 1997, deeming President John Harker's administration to be imperialist and racist. -
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Pol Pot
Pol Pot was a Cambodian revolutionary, dictator, and politician who ruled Cambodia as Prime Minister of Democratic Kampuchea between 1976 and 1979. -
Khmer Rouge
The Khmer Rouge were very clever and brutal. Their tactics were effective because most of us refused to believe their malicious intentions. Their goal was to liberate us. They risked their own lives and gave up their families for "justice" and "equality." How could these worms have come out of our own skin? -
S21
The most notorious of the 189 known interrogation centers in Cambodia was S-21, housed in a former school and now called Tuol Sleng for the hill on which it stands. Between 14,000 and 17,000 prisoners were detained there, often in primitive brick cells built in former classrooms. -
White Revolution
The White Revolution successfully redistributed land to approximately 2.5 million families, established literacy and health corps targeting Iran's rural areas, and resulted in a slew of social and legal reform. In the decades following the revolution, per capita income for Iranians skyrocketed. -
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Ayatollah Khomeni
The Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini led an Islamic revolution in Iran, took the country away from the political leader called the Shah, and ran Iran as a theocracy from 1979 until his death in 1989. -
Hostage Crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was an international crisis that began in November 1979 when militants seized 66 U.S. citizens in Tehrān and held 52 of them hostage for more than a year. The crisis took place in the wake of Iranian Revolution . -
Apartheid
The Apartheid in South Africa was the racial segregation under the all-white government of South Africa which dictated that non-white South Africans (a majority of the population) were required to live in separate areas from whites and use separate public facilities, and contact between the two groups . -
Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela is elected as the first black president of South Africa. -
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Nelson Mandula
Mandela is considered the father of Modern South Africa. He was instrumental in tearing down the oppressive government and installing democracy. Mandela received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993 for peacefully destroying the Apartheid regime and laying the foundation for democracy. -
Palestine
The State of Palestine is a de jure sovereign state in the Middle East consisting of the West Bank and the Gaza Strip. The "State of Palestine" is officially recognized by the United Nations as a Non-Member Observer State, the status was granted on 29 November 2012.