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Urbanization
process by which rural communities grow to form cities, or urban centers, and, by extension, the growth and expansion of those cities, to make some more room for more and more people and being able to make more jobs and more buildings. -
Monroe Doctrine
Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs. -
Indian Removal
authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy. -
Manifest Destiny
American expansion that the United States not only could, but was destined to, stretch from coast to coast. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. -
Bessemer Process
first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
Industrialzation
development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. -
Nativism
when they formed the 'American Party', which was especially hostile to the immigration of Irish Catholics and campaigned for laws to require longer wait time between immigration and naturalization. -
Andrew Carnegie
American Industrialist who amassed a fortune in the steel industry then later on the became a major philanthropist. He worked in a Pittsburgh cotton factory as a boy and before he raised to the division superintendent of the Pennsylvania railroad -
Homestead Act
Area of public land in the West (usually 160 acres) granted to any US citizen willing to settle on and farm the land for at least five years. -
Susan B Anthony
raised in a Quaker household and went on to work as a teacher before becoming a leading figure in the abolitionist and women's voting rights movement. She partnered with Elizabeth Cady Stanton and would eventually lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association. -
Robber Barons
amassed wealth and power during the period of intense economic and industrial growth following the American Civil War. ... Were these powerful men Robber Barons or did they deserve respect for being 'Captains of Industry'. The Captains of Industry were also entrepreneurs. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. ... The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. -
Ida B Wells
May 1884, Wells reached a personal turning point. Having bought a first-class train ticket to Nashville, she was outraged when the train crew ordered her to move to the car for African Americans, and refused on principle. As she was forcibly removed from the train, she bit one of the men on the hand. Wells sued the railroad, winning a $500 settlement in a circuit court case. However, the decision was later overturned by the Tennessee Supreme Court. -
Eugene v. Debs
American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW or the Wobblies), and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. -
Haymaker Riot
labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket Square turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. Despite a lack of evidence against them, eight radical labor activists were convicted in connection with the bombing. -
Dawes Act
important for tribal life because it helped to reduce the tribes' ability to live in their traditional ways. The Dawes Act ended communal ownership of the land and parceled it up into pieces to be owned by individual Native Americans. -
Jane Adams
was an advocate of immigrants, the poor, women, and peace. Author of numerous articles and books, she founded the first settlement house in the United State. Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Located in the Near West Side of Chicago, Illinois, Hull House (named for the home's first owner) opened its doors to recently arrived European immigrants. -
Recall
procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended. -
Political Machines
group in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. -
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Progressivism
Progressivism is the term applied to a variety of responses to the economic and social problems rapid industrialization introduced to America. Progressivism began as a social movement and grew into a political movement. The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. -
Populism
Populists ran James Weaver for President on this ambitious platform. He polled over a million popular votes and 22 electoral votes. Although he came far short of victory, Populist ideas were now being discussed at the national level. -
Klondike Gold Rush
Skookum Jim Mason, Dawson Charlie and George Washington Carmack found gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in Canada's Yukon Territory, they had no idea they they would set off one of the greatest gold rushes in history -
William Jennings Bryan
He emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States.
Made the cross of gold speech the speech was meant to support bimetallism or "Free Silver" and believed it would bring the nation Prosperity. -
Initiative and Referendum
three powers reserved to enable the voters, by petition, to propose or repeal legislation or to remove an elected official from office. Proponents of an initiative, referendum, or recall effort must apply for an official petition serial number from the Town Clerk. -
Yellow Journalism
daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics, such as sports and scandal, using bold layouts (with large illustrations and perhaps color), heavy reliance on unnamed sources, and unabashed self-promotion. -
Immigration & the American Dream
The pursuit of opportunity, a good job, owning a home and in many cases, safety from war or persecution. While U.S.-born citizens have increasingly viewed the American dream as becoming harder to reach, immigrants have remained more positive and hopeful about their potential to achieve it. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Became the youngest president in the US after William McKinley was assassinated. He won the nobel peace Prize for his part in ending the Russian-Japanese war. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. -
Muckraker
sed in the Progressive Era to characterize reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazine -
Social Gospel
religious movement that arose during the second half of the nineteenth century. Ministers, especially ones belonging to the Protestant branch of Christianity, began to tie salvation and good works together. They argued that people must emulate the life of Jesus Christ. -
Dollar Diplomacy
orm of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
16th Amendment
many people believed that an income tax would provide a more stable source of income than tariffs. allows the federal United States government to Collect an income tax from all Americans.Other taxes, such as taxes on houses or other property are considered “direct” taxes by the Constitution and would have to be divided back among the states. -
17th Amendment
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. -
Federal reserve Act
created by the Congress to provide the nation with a safer, more flexible, and more stable monetary and financial system. -
19th amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. -
The Gilded Age
Rapid immigration, along with the explosion of Americans moving from farms to the cities, caused an urban boom during the Gilded Age. The growth of cities gave rise to powerful political machines, stimulated the economy, and gave birth to an American middle class. -
18th amendment
Passed a law for people who like to drink may only drink a certain amount of alcohol only consuming no more than .5% to keep other people safe from drunk drivers or getting harmed. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921; became symbolic of the scandals of the Harding administration. -
Clarence Darrow
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was an American legal case in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach -
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle is that its publication aroused much public sentiment, which then led to federal legislation such as the Pure Food and Drug Act and improvements in working conditions for meat packers and other factory workers.
