-
Industrialization
The large-scale introduction of manufacturing, advanced technical enterprises, and other productive economic activity into an area, society, country. -
Labor Strikes
Great Railroad Strike(1877):Many railroad workers went on strike in response to wage cuts. Eventually President Hayes sent in troops to put the strikers down.
Homestead Strike(1892):A strike in Pittsburgh in the steel industry. When the Pinkertons were called in the strike disbanded.
Pullman Strike(1894): The Pullman railroad workers go on strike because their wages got cut twice in one year. The price for town housing/general store stayed the same. -
Political Machines
Leaders of these machines provided basic services for immigrants and the poor in exchange for their votes. -
Robber Barons (Captains of Industry)
Refers to the industrialists or big business owners who gained huge profits by paying their employees extremely low wages. They also drove their competitors out of business by selling their products cheaper than it cost to produce it. Then when they controlled the market, they hiked prices high above original price. -
Nativism
Favoritism toward native-born Americans. It caused immigrants issues with jobs and adapting to the new culture and language. Nativists also believed they were the true Native Americans, despite their being descended from immigrants themselves. -
Bessemer Steel Production
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnaceA process by which Andrew Carnegie made steel stronger and cheaper; allowed for massive industrial growth of the U.S. -
Knights of Labor
The first nationwide industrial union. Demanded an 8-hour work day and supported equal pay for women and abolition of child labor. -
Social Gospel
A reform movement led by Protestant ministers who used religious doctrine to demand better housing and living conditions for the urban poor. Popular at the turn of the twentieth century, it was closely linked to the settlement house movement, which brought middle-class, Anglo-American service volunteers into contact with immigrants and working people. -
Jacob Riis
Jacob was a journalist, a famous Muckraker and a social reformer. He was known for his photographs of the 'slums' of places. He'd photograph tenements in New York and focus on the poor people living in them. -
Period: to
The Gilded Age
an era of rapid economic growth, especially in the North and West. As American wages were much higher than those in Europe, especially for skilled workers, the period saw an influx of millions of European immigrants. -
Alexander Graham Bell
Invented the first telephone. A teacher of the deaf. He was significant because his invention sparked the creation of a gigantic communication network across the United States. Made women go from the kitchens to the work place as "number please women." -
Settlement House
A neighborhood center in impoverished areas, there were prominent ones including Hull House (Chicago) and Henry Street Settlement (New York). They tended to serve immigrants. -
Samuel Gompers
He is responsible for the formation of one of the first labor unions. The American Federation of Labor worked on getting people better hours and better wages. The formation of this triggered the formation of various others that would come later. -
Haymarket Riot
The aftermath of bombing that took place at a labor demonstration. Earlier there was a labor protest rally near Chicago's Haymarket Square that turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at police. -
Interstate Commerce Act
President Roosevelt, gave the interstate Commerce Commission the power to regulate railroads and give them authority over the telegraph and the telephone. It was designed to regulate the railroads and navigate around monopolist practices. -
Theodore Roosevelt
He was a progressive governor. He freed his state government from corruption and the influence of big business. He later became U.S. Civil Service Commissioner. He believed that appointments to federal jobs should be based on merit, not on party views. -
Susan B. Anthony
She lead a movement with other women to obtain suffrage in a small amount of western states, but they never succeeded in creating a constitutional amendment requiring all states to allow women to vote. Later on the failure of that had led several women's groups to band together into the NAWSA, led by Susan and Elizabeth C. Stanton. -
Ida B. Wells
She was a famous African-American journalist who lead an anti-lynching crusade in the United States. She continued her legacy by becoming involved and founding groups for African-American rights. -
Sherman Antitrust Act
This was the first law that banned the formation of trusts and monopolies in the United States used by Theodore Roosevelt. At this time monopolies were rapidly growing and they needed a way to stop them. -
Tenement
Apartments built in city slums to house large numbers of immigrants. -
Period: to
Populism and Progressivism
Populism aimed to reform the economic system, while Progressivism was focused on bringing the political reforms. Populism was a movement that began with farmers, but progressivism was started with middle class men. -
Andrew Carnegie
He invested in ironworks and built a steel mill in Pittsburgh, selling iron and steel to railroad companies for profit. He later used those profits to buy more steel mills and found the Carnegie Steel Corporation. -
Eugene V. Debbs
Head of the U.S.A. language Railroad line system Union and director of the Pullman car ten-strike ; he was imprisoned along with his associates for ignoring a Federal soldier court injunction to stop striking. While in prison, he read Socialist literature and emerged as a Socialist leader in America.Debutante 's union winnings national prominence when it conducted a successful strike for higher wages against the Great Northern Railway. -
William Jennings Bryan
He was an American speaker and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he came out/became visible as a most in control/most common force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's person for President of the United States. He also served in the United States House of Representatives. -
Klondike Gold Rush
3 Men weren't expecting much finding gold. But they found gold in a tributary of the Klondike River in Canada's Yukon Territory, they had no idea they they would set off one of the greatest gold rushes in history. -
Initiative, Referendum, Recall
Initiative: people have the right to propose a new law. Referendum: a law passed by the legislature can be reference to the people for approval/veto. Recall: the people can petition and vote to have an elected official removed from office. These all made elected officials more responsible and sensitive to the needs of the people, and part of the movement to make government more efficient and scientific. -
Jane Addams
Jane was a part of 'The Progressive Movement.' She was the leader in the house movement; Hull House. This was a place where immigrants and poor people could stay and not have to live in crowded neighborhoods. It as well provided decent health care and english lessons for immigrants. -
Industrial Workers of the World
This radical union aimed to unite the American working class into one union to promote labor's interests. It worked to organize unskilled and foreign-born laborers, advocated social revolution and led several major strikes. Stressed solidarity -
Upton sinclair
A writer who was known as a "muckraker". He would rake up the bad things or "muck" about American life. In one book Sinclair wrote called "The Jungle", he described unsanitary practices of the meat-packing industry and revealed many abuses of the industry . -
Muckraker
This was a word used to describe reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had huge audiences in the papers. -
pure food and drug act
A United States federal law that provided federal inspection of meat products and forbade the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated food products and poisonous patent medicines. -
Dollar Diplomacy
The policy that used America's financial powers rather than military intervention, to extend their influence abroad. The policy would force Latin American nations to become dependent on the dollar to prevent any European intervention. Like the Corollary, the Dollar Diplomacy wished to remove any pretext for European intervention in Latin American countries by managing the financial affairs of countries whose economics were 'backwards' by American standards. -
Clarence Darrow
He was a famous American lawyer a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform.He had his clients plead guilty in order to avoid a vengeance-minded jury and place the case before a judge. The trial, then, was actually a long sentencing hearing in which Darrow contended, with the help of expert testimony, that Leopold and Loeb were mentally diseased. -
17th Amendment
Allowed Americans to vote directly for U.S senators. It provided for the election of two U.S. senators from each state by popular vote and for a term of six years. -
Federal Reserve Act
Established in December, it is the act that created the federal reserve system, the central banking system of the united states, which was signed into law by Woodrow Wilson. it regulated banking to help smaller banks stay in business. -
16th Amendment
This amendment allows the federal United States government to collect an income tax from all Americans.Other taxes, such as taxes on houses or other property are considered “direct” taxes by the Constitution and would have to be divided back among the states. -
18th Amendment
This unpopular amendment banned the sale and drinking of alcohol in the United States. It was one of the only amendments to be repealed from the constitution. It ended up being a huge failure. -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex, it as well specifically granted women the right to vote. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
Secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall leased government land in California and at Teapot Dome, Wyoming to 2 oil executives- Fall became the first Cabinet official to be sent to prison.
