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Manifest Destiny
The belief that the U.S. should own all territory between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, also had the urge to spread the culture upon others who didn't want it. Ended around 1860. -
Monroe Doctrine
A principle of US policy, originated by President James Monroe in 1823, that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the US. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan Brownell Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement -
Andrew Carnegie
Carnegie led the expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century and is often identified as one of the richest people ever. -
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron. -
The Gilded Age
Digital History. Mark Twain called the late 19th century the "Gilded Age." By this, he meant that the period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath. ... It is easy to caricature the Gilded Age as an era of corruption, conspicuous consumption, and unfettered capitalism. -
Social Gospel
A movement led by a group of liberal Protestant progressives in response to the social problems raised by the rapid industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigration of the Gilded Age. -
Indian Removal
Cherokees took legal action to try to save their lands. In their second Supreme Court case, Worcester v. Georgia, Supreme Court Chief Justice John Marshall ruled that the Cherokee Nation was entitled to federal protection over those of the state laws of Georgia. -
Political Machines
A political machine is a political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses who receive rewards for their efforts. -
Chinese Exclusion At of 1882
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from immigrating to the United States. -
Haymarket Riot
Haymarket riot was where anarchists showed up and began speaking at the rally attended mainly by immigrant workers in May 1886 at Haymarket Square. Someone in the crowd threw a bomb, a riot broke out, 7 policemen died, and as a result 8 innocent German immigrants were arrested and the Knights of Labor were blamed for the riot. The riot resulted in the loss of all sympathy for laborers, and a fear anarchy in the middle class. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams, known as the "mother" of social work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. -
Yellow Journalism
It's journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers; popularized in the late nineteenth century by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. -
Klondike Gold Rush
A rush of thousands of people in the 1890s toward the Klondike gold mining district in northwestern Canada after gold was discovered there. -
Robber Barons (Captain of Industry)
a person who has become rich through ruthless and unscrupulous business practices (originally with reference to prominent US businessmen in the late 19th century -
Ida B. Wells
Ida B. Wells was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, Georgist, and an early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. -
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was an American orator and politician from Nebraska. Beginning in 1896, he emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. -
Eugene V. Debs
Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs was an American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States -
Progressivism
Progressivism is the term applied to a variety of responses to the economic and social problems rapid industrialization introduced to America. Progressivism began as a social movement and grew into a political movement. The early progressives rejected Social Darwinism. -
Urbanization
The process of making an area more urban, aka taking a forest and making it a city or an increase in population. -
Populism
Populism is a belief in the power of regular people, and in their right to have control over their government rather than a small group of political insiders or a wealthy elite. -
Industrialization
Industrialization and reform (1870-1916) The industrial growth that began in the United States in the early 1800's continued steadily up to and through the American Civil War. ... Machines replaced hand labour as the main means of manufacturing, increasing the production capacity of industry tremendously. -
Recall
A recall election is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before that official's term has ended. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, and naturalist, who served as the 26th President of the United States. -
Pure Food & Drug Act
For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. -
Muckraker
Meaning "one who inquires into and publishes scandal and allegations of corruption among political and business leaders," popularized 1906 in speech by President Theodore Roosevelt, in reference to "man ... with a Muckrake in his hand" in Bunyan's "Pilgrim's Progress" who seeks worldly gain by raking filth. -
Dollar Diplomacy
Term used to describe the efforts of the US to further its foreign policy through use of economic power by guaranteeing loans to foreign countries. -
Federal Reserve Act
an Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States, and which created the authority to issue Federal Reserve Notes. -
16th Amendment
Allowed the federal government to impose an income tax. -
17th Amendment
This amendment required the direct election of senates by popular vote. -
18th Amendment
This amendment prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages, but was repealed by the 21st amendment in 1933. -
Nativism
Nativism is the political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. However, this is currently more commonly described as an anti-immigrant position. -
19th Amendment
This amendment declared women had the right to vote in the state and national elections. -
Initiative & Referendum
The process of initiatives and referendums allow citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation on a popular ballot, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
a government scandal involving a former United States Navy oil reserve in Wyoming that was secretly leased to a private oil company in 1921; became symbolic of the scandals of the Harding administration. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Seward Darrow was an American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. -
Immigration & The American Dream
Immigration - The act of people from one country moving to another.
The American Dream - The act of moving to America for a better life, aka "the American Dream". -
Dawes Act
This act dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres. If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship. The Dawes Act attempted to assimilate the Indians with the white men. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair Jr. was an American writer who wrote nearly one hundred books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known and popular in the first half of the twentieth century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943.
