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America Civil War
American Civil War(known by other names)was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861,when Confederate forces attacked Fort Sumter in South Carolina,shortly after U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated.The nationalists of the Union proclaimed loyalty to the U.S. Constitution.They faced secessionists of the Confederate States, who advocated for states' rights to expand slavery. -
13th Amendment
the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, officially ending the institution of slavery, is ratified. “Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.” With these words, the single greatest change wrought by the Civil War was officially noted in theConstitution. -
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Reconstruction
Reconstruction encompassed three major initiatives: restoration of the Union, transformation of southern society, and enactment of progressive legislation favoring the rights of freed slaves. President Abraham Lincoln’s Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstructionissued in 1863, 2 years before the war even endedmapped out the first of these initiatives, his Ten-Percent Plan. the Union after 10 percent of its voting population had pledged future loyalty to the United States -
14th Amendment
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The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States—including former slaves—and guaranteed all citizens “equal protection of the laws.” One of three amendments passed during the Reconstruction era to abolish slavery and establish civil and legal rights for black Americans, it would become the basis for many landmark Supreme Court decisions over the years. -
15th Amendment (1870)
The 15th Amendment, granting African-American men the right to vote, was adopted into the U.S. Constitution in 1870. Despite the amendment, by the late 1870s discriminatory practices were used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote, especially in the South. It wasn’t until the Voting Rights Act of 1965 that legal barriers were outlawed at the state and local levels if they denied blacks their right to vote under the 15th Amendment. -
Jim Crow Laws Start in South
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Plessy v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson, 163 U.S. 537 (1896), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court issued in 1896. It upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".[2] This legitimized the state laws re-establishing racial segregation that were passed in the American South in the late 19th century after the end of the Reconstruction Era. -
Wright Brother’s Airplane
The brothers began their experimentation in flight in 1896 at their bicycle shop in Dayton, Ohio. They selected the beach at Kitty Hawk as their proving ground because of the constant wind that added lift to their craft. In 1902 they came to the beach with their glider and made more than 700 successful flights. -
Model-T
El Ford Modelo T (coloquialmente conocido como Tin Lizzie o Flivver en EE.UU y "Ford a bigotes" en la Argentina) fue un automóvil de bajo costo producido por la Ford Motor Company de Henry Ford desde 1908 a 1927. Con el mismo se popularizó la producción en cadena, permitiendo bajar precios y facilitando la adquisición de los automóviles a la clase media. -
Assissination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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Trench Warfare, Poison Gas, and Machine Guns
Poison gas was probably the most feared of all weapons in World War One.Poison gas was indiscriminate and could be used on the trenches even when no attack was going on.Whereas the machine gun killed more soldiers overall during the war, death was frequently instant or not drawn out and soldiers could find some shelter in bomb/shell craters from gunfire.Poison gas was probably the most feared of all weapons in World War One. -
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World War I
World War I began in 1914, after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and lasted until 1918. During the conflict, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire (the Central Powers) fought against Great Britain, France, Russia, Italy, Romania, Japan and the United States (the Allied Powers). Thanks to new military technologies and the horrors of trench warfare, World War I saw unprecedented levels of carnage and destruction. -
Sinking of the Lusitania
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Zimmerman Telegram
The Zimmermann Telegram (or Zimmermann Note or Zimmerman Cable) was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I against Germany. Mexico would recover Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. The proposal was intercepted and decoded by British intelligence. -
Russian Revolution
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U.S. entry into WWI
When World War I broke out across Europe in 1914,President Woodrow Wilson proclaimed the United States would remain neutral,and many Americans supported this policy of nonintervention.However, public opinion about neutrality started to change after the sinking of the British ocean liner Lusitania by a German U-boat in 1915;almost 2,000 people perished,including 128 Americans. -
Battle of Argonne Forest
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Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
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Armistice
The Armistice of 11 November 1918 was an armistice during the First World War between the Allies and Germany also known as the Armistice of Compiègne after the location in which it was signed and the agreement that ended the fighting on the Western Front. It went into effect at 11 a.m. Paris time on 11 November 1918("the eleventh hour of the eleventh day of the eleventh month"),and marked a victory for the Allies and a complete defeat for Germany, although not formally a surrender. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It was signed on 28 June 1919 in Versailles, exactly five years after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. -
Harlem Renaissance
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President Harding’s Return to Normalcy
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Red Scare
America may be famed for its Jazz Age and prohibition during the 1920’s, and for its economic strengthbefore the Wall Street Crash, but a darker side existed. The KKK dominated the South and those who did not fit in found that they were facing the full force of the law. Those who supported un-American political beliefs, such as communism, were suspects for all sorts of misdemeanors. -
President Harding´s Return to Normalcy
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Roaring Twenties
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Roaring Twenties
The 1920s were an age of dramatic social and political change.For the first time,more Americans lived in cities than on farms.The nation’s total wealth more than doubled between 1920 and 1929,and this economic growth swept many Americans into an affluent but unfamiliar“consumer society.”People from coast to coast bought the same goods (thanks to nationwide advertising and the spread of chain stores),listened to the same music. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
The Teapot Dome Scandal was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding. Secretary of the Interior Albert Bacon Fall had leased Navy petroleum reserves at Teapot Dome in Wyoming and two other locations in California to private oil companies at low rates without competitive bidding. In 1922 and 1923, the leases became the subject of a sensational investigation by Senator Thomas J. Walsh. -
Joseph Stalin Leads USSR
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Mein Kampf Published
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Scopes "Monkey" Trial
On July 10, the Monkey Trial got underway, and within a few days hordes of spectators and reporters had descended on Dayton as preachers set up revival tents along the city’s main street to keep the faithful stirred up. Inside the Rhea County Courthouse, the defense suffered early setbacks when Judge John Raulston ruled against their attempt to prove the law unconstitutional and then refused to end his practice of opening each day’s proceeding with prayer. -
Charles Lindbergh’s Trans-Atlantic Flight
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St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
St.Valentine’s Day Massacre,as it was known,was never officially linked to Capone,but he was generally considered to have been responsible for the murders.actually proved to be the last confrontation for both Capone and Moran.Capone was jailed in 1931 and Moran lost so many important men that he could no longer control his territory.On the seventh anniversary of the massacre,Jack McGurn,one of the Valentine’s Day hit men,was killed him in a crowded bowling alley with a burst of machinegun fire. -
Stock Market Crashes “Black Tuesday”
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Great Depression
The Great Depression lasted from 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929, which sent Wall Street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. Over the next several years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing steep declines in industrial output and employment as failing companies laid off workers. -
Hoovervilles
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Smoot-Hawley Tariff
The Tariff Act of 1930 (codified at 19 U.S.C.ch.4)otherwise known as the SmootHawley Tariff or Hawley–Smoot Tariff, was an act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and was signed into law on June 17,1930.The act raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods.The tariffs (this does not include dutyfree imports see Tariff levels below) under the act were the secondhighest in the U.S. -
100, 000 Banks Have Failed
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Hitler Appointed Chancellor of Germany
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Agriculture Adjustment Administration (AAA)
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Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
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Public Works Administration (PWA)
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The Holocaust
The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators. Holocaust is a word of Greek origin meaning "sacrifice by fire." The Nazis, who came to power in Germany in January 1933, believed that Germans were "racially superior" and that the Jews, deemed "inferior," were an alien threat to the so-called German racial community. -
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New Deal Programs
New Deal was a series federal programs,public work projects,financial reforms,regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930 in response to the Great Depression.Some these federal programs included the Civilian Conservation Corps,Civil Works Administration,Farm Security Administration,National Industrial Recovery Act 1933,Social Security Administration.These programs included support for farmers,the unemployed,youth,elderly as well as new constraints and safeguards on banking industry. -
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl refers to the drought-stricken Southern Plains region of the United States, which suffered severe dust storms during a dry period in the 1930s. As high winds and choking dust swept the region from Texas to Nebraska, people and livestock were killed and crops failed across the entire region. The Dust Bowl intensified the crushing economic impacts of the Great Depression and drove many farming families on a desperate migration in search of work and better living conditions. -
Social Security Administration (SSA)
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Rape of Nanking
The population of Nanking was subjected to an uncontrolled butchery that came to be known as "the Rape of Nanking." As the Japanese army poured into the city, fleeing residents were shot or bayoneted. -
Kristallnacht
On November 9 to November 10, 1938, in an incident known as “Kristallnacht”, Nazis in Germany torched synagogues, vandalized Jewish homes, schools and businesses and killed close to 100 Jews. In the aftermath of Kristallnacht, also called the “Night of Broken Glass,” some 30,000 Jewish men were arrested and sent to Nazi concentration camps. German Jews had been subjected to repressive policies since 1933, when Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) became chancellor of Germany. -
Hitler Invades Poland
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World War II
World War II summary: The carnage of World War II was unprecedented and brought the world closest to the term “total warfare.” On average 27,000 people were killed each day between September 1, 1939, until the formal surrender of Japan on September 2, 1945. Western technological advances had turned upon itself, bringing about the most destructive war in human history. -
German Blitzkrieg Attacks
Blitzkrieg (German, "lightning war"About this sound listen (help·info)) is a method of warfare whereby an attacking force, spearheaded by a dense concentration of armoured and motorised or mechanised infantry formations with close air support, breaks through the opponent's line of defence by short, fast, powerful attacks and then dislocates the defenders, using speed and surprise to encircle them. -
Pearl Harbor
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Tuskegee Airmen
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Navajo Code Talkers
The army chose to experiment with Indian code talkers, but only on a limited scale. In autumn 1940, a small group of Chippewas and Oneidas joined the Thirty-second Infantry Division for the express purpose of radio communications. -
Executive Order 9066
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Bataan Death March
The war came to the Philippines the same day it came to Hawaii and in the same manner – a surprise air attack. In the case of the Philippines, however, this initial strike was followed by a full-scale invasion of the main island of Luzon three days later. -
GI Bill
The Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944,also known as the G.I.Bill,was a law that provided a range of benefits for returning World War II veterans commonly referred to as G.I.s.It was designed by the American Legion, who helped push it through Congress by mobilizing its chapters(along with the Veterans of Foreign Wars);the goal was to provide immediate rewards for practically all World War II veterans.The act avoided the highly disputed postponed life insurance policy payout for World War I. -
Invasion of Normandy (D-Day)
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Atomic Bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima
On August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world’s first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. -
Victory Over Japan/Pacific (VJ/VP) Day
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Liberation of Concentration Camps
Victory over Japan Day (also known as Victory in the Pacific Day, V-J Day, or V-P Day) is a name chosen for the day on which Japan surrendered, effectively ending World War II, and subsequent anniversaries of that event. The term has been applied to both of the days on which the initial announcement of Japan's surrender was made – to the afternoon of August 15, 1945, in Japan, and, because of time zone differences, to August 14, 1945. -
Victory in Europe
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united nations (UN) formed
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germany divided
As a consequence of the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, Germany was cut between the two global blocs in the East and West, a period known as the division of Germany. Germany was stripped of its war gains and lost territories in the east to Poland and the Soviet Union. -
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Harry S. Truman
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Harry Truman (1884-1972), the 33rd U.S. president, assumed office following the death of President Franklin Roosevelt (1882-1945). In the White House from 1945 to 1953, Truman made the decision to use the atomic bomb against Japan, helped rebuild postwar Europe, worked to contain communism and led the United States into the Korean War (1950-1953). A Missouri native, Truman assisted in running his family farm after high school and served in World War I (1914-1918). -
Nuremberg Trials
The Nuremberg trials (German: die Nürnberger Prozesse) were a series of military tribunals held by the Allied forces under international law and the laws of war after World War II. The trials were most notable for the prosecution of prominent members of the political, military, judicial and economic leadership of Nazi Germany, who planned, carried out, or otherwise participated in the Holocaust and other war crimes. -
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Baby Boom
is a period marked by a significant increase of birth rate.This demographic phenomenon is usually ascribed within certain geographical bounds.People born during this period are often called baby boomers;however,some experts distinguish between those born during such demographic baby booms those who identify with the overlapping cultural generations.causes of baby booms involves various fertility factors.The most well-known baby boom occurred immediately after World War II during the Cold War. -
Mao Zedong Established Communist Rule in China
Mao Zedong proclaimed the establishment of the People's Republic of China. Chiang Kai-shek, 600,000 Nationalist troops, and about two million Nationalist-sympathizer refugees retreated to the island of Taiwan.At the opening of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference in Peking, Mao Zedong announces that the new Chinese government will be “under the leadership of the Communist Party of China.” -
22nd Amendment
The Twenty-second Amendment (Amendment XXII) of the United States Constitution limits the number of times one can be elected to the office of President of the United States. Congress proposed the amendment by two-thirds of both the House and Senate on March 21, 1947. Ratification by the requisite 36 of the then-48 states was completed on February 27, 1951. -
Truman Doctrine
With the Truman Doctrine, President Harry S. Truman established that the United States would provide political, military and economic assistance to all democratic nations under threat from external or internal authoritarian forces. The Truman Doctrine effectively reoriented U.S. foreign policy, away from its usual stance of withdrawal from regional conflicts not directly involving the United States, to one of possible intervention in far away conflicts -
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the cold war
The Cold War was a state of geopolitical tension after World War II between powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its satellite states) and powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others). Historians do not fully agree on the dates, but a common timeframe is the period between 1947, the year the Truman Doctrine, a U.S. -
Arab-Israeli War Begins
The Arab-Israeli War of 1948 broke out when five Arab nations invaded territory in the former Palestinian mandate immediately following the announcement of the independence of the state of Israel on May 14, 1948. In 1947, and again on May 14, 1948, the United States had offered de facto recognition of the Israeli Provisional Government, but during the war, the United States maintained an arms embargo against all belligerents. -
Marshall Plan
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Berlin Airlift
After World War II,the Allies partitioned the defeated Germany into a Soviet occupied zone,an American occupied zone,a British occupied zone and a French occupied zone.Berlin,the German capital city,was located deep in the Soviet zone,but it was also divided into four sections.In June 1948,the Russians who wanted Berlin all for themselves closed all highways,railroads and canals from western occupied Germany into western occupied Berlin. -
NATO Formed
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Kim Il-sung invades South Korea
Kim Il Sung1912–1994was the dictatorial leader of North Korea from shortly after World War II until his death in 1994.As a young man,Kim led guerrilla forces against the Imperial Japanese Army until he was forced to flee Korea in the late 1930s.There's some debate about what he did next the North Koreans claim that he organized the Anti-Japanese Guerilla Army in Manchuria,but other accounts suggest that he fought in the Russian Red Army -
UN forces push North Korea to Yalu River- the border with China
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Chinese forces cross Yalu and enter Korean War
Forces opposing the UN in early November were organized under a combined headquarters staffed by North Korean and Chinese officers.Kim Il Sung,the leader of North Korea,was also commander of the North Korean Armed Forces based at Kanggye,deep in the mountains of north central Korea.On paper, the North Korean forces consisted of 8 corps,30 divisions,and several brigades,but in fact only 2 corps totaling some 5 weak divisions and 2 depleted brigades were in active operations against UN forces. -
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korean war
the Korean War began when some 75,000 soldiers from the North Korean People’s Army poured across the 38th parallel, the boundary between the Soviet-backed Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to the north and the pro-Western Republic of Korea to the south. This invasion was the first military action of the Cold War. By July, American troops had entered the war on South Korea’s behalf. As far as American officials were concerned, it was a war against the forces of international communism itself. -
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1950s Prosperity
During the 1950s, it was easy to see what Churchill meant. The United States was the world’s strongest military power. Its economy was booming, and the fruits of this prosperity–new cars, suburban houses and other consumer goods–were available to more people than ever before. However, the 1950s were also an era of great conflict. For example, the nascent civil rights movement and the crusade against communism at home and abroad exposed the underlying divisions in American society. -
Ethel and Julius Rosenberg Execution
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Armistice Signed
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Dwight D. Eisenhower
David Dwight Eisenhower,October 14, 1890 March 28, 1969 was an American Army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States.During World War II,he was a fivestar general in the United States Army and served as Supreme Commander of the Allied Expeditionary Forces in Europe. He was responsible for planning and supervising the invasion of North Africa in Operation Torch in 1942–43 and the successful invasion of France and Germany in 1944–45 the Western Front. -
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Warren Court
Warren Court was period in history Supreme Court of United States during which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice.Warren replaced the deceased Fred M.Vinson as Chief Justice in 1953,Warren remained in office until he retired in 1969.Warren was succeeded as Chief Justice by Warren Burger.Warren led a liberal majority that used judicial power in dramatic fashion,to consternation conservative opponents.Warren Court expanded civil rights,civil liberties,judicial power,federal power in dramatic ways -
Hernandez v. Texas
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Brown v. Board of Education
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Ho Chi Minh Established Communist Rule in Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh first emerged as an outspoken voice for Vietnamese independence while living as a young man in France during World War I.Inspired by Bolshevik Revolution, he joined the Communist Party and traveled to the Soviet Union. He helped found the Indochinese Communist Party 1930 and the League for the Independence of Vietnam, or Viet Minh, in 1941. At World War II Viet Minh forces seized the northern Vietnamese city of Hanoi and declared a Democratic State of Vietnam with Ho as president. -
Rosa Parks Arrested
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement. The campaign lasted from December 5, 1955 the Monday after Rosa Parks, an African American woman, was arrested for refusing to surrender her seat to a white person to December 20, 1956, when a federal ruling, Browder v. Gayle, took effect, and led to a United States Supreme Court -
Polio Vaccine
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Warsaw Pact Formed
The Warsaw Pact, so named because the treaty was signed in Warsaw, included the Soviet Union, Albania, Poland, Romania, Hungary, East Germany, Czechoslovakia, and Bulgaria as members. The treaty called on the member states to come to the defense of any member attacked by an outside force and it set up a unified military command under Marshal Ivan S. Konev of the Soviet Union. -
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Vietnam War
The Vietnam War (Vietnamese: Chiến tranh Việt Nam), also known as the Second Indochina War, and also known in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America (Vietnamese: Kháng chiến chống Mỹ) or simply the American War, was a conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. It was the second of the Indochina Wars and was officially fought between North Vietnam and the government of South Vietnam. -
Interstate Highway Act
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Elvis Presley First Hit Song
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Leave it to Beaver First Airs on TV
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Civil Rights Act of 1957
The Civil Rights Act of 1957, Pub.L. 85–315, 71 Stat. 634, enacted September 9, 1957, a federal voting rights bill, was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875. Its purpose was to show the federal government's support for racial equality after the US Supreme Court's 1954 decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka. -
Little Rock Nine
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Sputnik I
Sputnik 1 was launched during the International Geophysical Year from Site No.1/5, at the 5th Tyuratam range, in Kazakh SSR (now known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome). The satellite travelled at about 29,000 kilometres per hour (18,000 mph; 8,100 m/s), taking 96.2 minutes to complete each orbit. It transmitted on 20.005 and 40.002 MHz,[9] which were monitored by radio operators throughout the world. -
Kennedy versus Nixon TV Debate
In 1960, John F. Kennedy and Richard Nixon squared off in the first televised presidential debates in American history. The Kennedy-Nixon debates not only had a major impact on the election’s outcome, but ushered in a new era in which crafting a public image and taking advantage of media exposure became essential ingredients of a successful political campaign. They also heralded the central role television has continued to play in the democratic process. -
Chicano Mural Movement Begins
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
On January 1, 1959, a young Cuban nationalist named Fidel Castro (1926-)drove his guerilla army into Havana and overthrew General Fulgencio Batista(1901-1973),the nation’s American-backed president.For the next two years,officials at the U.S.State Department and the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) attempted to push Castro from power.Finally,in April 1961,the CIA launched what its leaders believed would be the definitive strike:a full-scale invasion Cuba by 1,400 American-trained Cubans -
Mapp v. Ohio
was a landmark case in criminal procedure, in which the United States Supreme Court decided that evidence obtained in violation of the Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures," may not be used in state law criminal prosecutions in state courts, as well as in federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts as had previously been the law. -
Peace Corps Formed
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Affirmative Action
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John F. Kennedy
John F Kennedy,commonly referred to his initials JFK,was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.Kennedy served at the height of the Cold War,and much of his presidency focused on managing relations with the Soviet Union.A member of the Democratic Party,Kennedy represented the state of Massachusetts in the United States House of Representatives and the United States Senate prior to becoming president. -
Sam Walton Opens First Walmart
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Cuban Missile Crisis
the Cuban Missile Crisis actually began on October 15, 1962—the day that U.S. intelligence personnel analyzing U-2 spy plane data discovered that the Soviets were building medium-range missile sites in Cuba. The next day, President Kennedy secretly convened an emergency meeting of his senior military, political, and diplomatic advisers to discuss the ominous development. The group became known as ExCom, short for Executive Committee. -
Kennedy Assassinated in Dallas, Texas
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Gideon v. Wainwright
Gideon v.Wainwright,is a landmark case in United States Supreme Court history.In it,Supreme Court unanimously ruled that states are required under Sixth Amendment U.S.Constitution to provide counsel in criminal cases to represent defendants who are unable afford to pay their own attorneys.case extended the right to counsel,which had been found under Fifth and Sixth Amendments to impose requirements on federal government,ruling that this right imposed those requirements upon the states as well. -
George Wallace Blocks University of Alabama Entrance
Following his election as Governor of Alabama, George Wallace famously stated his inaugural address:segregation now,segregation tomorrow,segregation forever.staunch conservative demonstrated his loyalty cause June 11,1963,when black students Vivian Malone&James A.Hood showed up University of Alabama campus in Tuscaloosa to attend class. In what historians often refer to as "Stand in the Schoolhouse Door,"governor literally stood doorway as federal authorities tried to allow students to enter. -
The Feminine Mystique
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March on Washington
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Lyndon B. Johnson
Lyndon Baines Johnson often referred to as LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States 1963 to 1969, assuming the office after serving as the 37th Vice President of the United States from 1961 to 1963.A Democrat from Texas,he also served as a United States Representative and as the Majority Leader in the United States Senate.Johnson is one of only four people who have served in all four federal elected positions. -
The Great Society
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Civil Rights Act of 1964
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24th Amendment
The Twenty-fourth Amendment (Amendment XXIV) of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964. Southern states of the former Confederate States of America adopted poll taxes in laws of the late 19th century and new constitutions from 1890 to 1908 -
Escobedo v. Arizona
was a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment. The case was decided a year after the court held in Gideon v. Wainwright,that indigent criminal defendants had a right to be provided counsel at trial. -
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
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Israeli-Palestine Conflict Begins
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a landmark piece of federal legislation in the United States that prohibits racial discrimination in voting.It was signed into law by President Lyndon B. Johnson during the height of the Civil Rights Movement on August 6, 1965, and Congress later amended the Act five times to expand its protections. Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution. -
Malcom X Assassinated
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United Farm Worker’s California Delano Grape Strike
The Delano grape strike was a labor strike by the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee and the United Farm Workers against grape growers in California. The strike began on September 8, 1965, and lasted more than five years. farm workers organized as the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee (AWOC) decided to strike against grape growers in Delano, California, to protest years of poor pay and working conditions. -
Miranda v. Arizona
was a landmark decision of United States Supreme Court.In a 5–4majority,Court held that both inculpatory and exculpatory statements made in response to interrogation a defendant in police custody will be admissible at trial only if prosecution can show that the defendant was informed of right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning and of right against self-incrimination before police questioning,that the defendant not only understood these rights,but voluntarily waived them. -
Six Day War
The Six-Day War also known as the June War, 1967 Arab–Israeli War, or Third Arab–Israeli War, was fought between June 5 and 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt Jordan, and Syria. Relations between Israel and its neighbours had never fully normalised following the 1948 Arab–Israeli War. In 1956 Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai, with one of its objectives being the reopening of the Straits of Tiran which Egypt had blocked to Israeli shipping since 1950. -
Thurgood Marshall Appointed to Supreme Court
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Martin Luther King Jr. Assassinated
Martin Luther King Jr. was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee, on April 4, 1968, an event that sent shock waves reverberating around the world. A Baptist minister and founder of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), King had led the civil rights movement since the mid-1950s, using a combination of impassioned speeches and nonviolent protests to fight segregation and achieve significant civil-rights advances for African Americans. -
Tet Offensive
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My Lai Massacre
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Woodstock Music Festival
The Woodstock Music & Art Fair—informally, the Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of more than 400,000. Scheduled for August 15–17 on a dairy farm in the Catskill Mountains of southern New York State, northwest of New York City, it ran over to Monday, August 18 Billed as "An Aquarian Exposition: 3 Days of Peace & Music", it was held at Max Yasgur's 600-acre (240 ha; 0.94 sq mi). -
Draft Lottery
December 1,1969,Selective Service System the United States conducted two lotteries to determine the order of call military service in Vietnam War for men born from 1944 to 1950.These lotteries occurred during a period of conscription from just before World War II 1973.It was first time a lottery system had been used to select men for military service since 1942 lottery numbers assigned in December 1969 were used during calendar year 1970 both call for induction and call for physical examination. -
Manson Family Murders
Manson's command,small group his most ardent followers brutally murder five people at the Benedict Canyon home director Roman Polanski,near Hollywood.The victims are Polanski's pregnant wife,actress Sharon Tate,writer Wojciech Frykowski,coffee heiress Abigail Folger and celebrity hair stylist Jay Sebring.Also killed is Steven Parent,who was a friend the family's gardener.The murders are committed followers Tex Watson,Susan Atkins,Patricia Krenwinkel.Linda Kasabian accompanies them as a lookout. -
Apollo 11
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Tinker v. Des Moines
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Vietnamization
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Richard Nixon
Richard Milhous Nixon(January 9, 1913 April 22, 1994) was the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so. He had previously served as the 36th Vice President of the United States from 1953 to 1961, and prior to that as a U.S. Representative and also Senator from California.Nixon was born in Yorba Linda, California. After completing his undergraduate studies at Whittier College. -
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Environmental Protection Agency becomes the subject of focus for major cuts under President Trump’s proposed budget and as the U.N. marks World Water Day on Wednesday it’s worth looking back at the moment in time when the EPA was first created, and why Richard Nixon saw a need for the agency to exist.The result was a defined branch of the federal government that would be responsible for maintaining clean air, land, and water and regulating pollutants in the environment. -
Invasion of Cambodia
Cambodian Campaign(also known as the Cambodian Incursion and the Cambodian Invasion)was a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during 1970 by the United States and the Republic of Vietnam(South Vietnam)as an extension of the Vietnam War and the Cambodian Civil War.The invasions were a policy of President Richard Nixon;13 major operations were conducted by the Army of the Republic of Vietnam(ARVN)between 29 April and 22 July and by US forces between 1 May and 30 June. -
Kent State Shootings
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Policy of Détente Begins
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Pentagon Papers
Pentagon Papers,officially titled United States–Vietnam Relations,1945-1967:A Study Prepared by the Department Defense,is a United States Department Defense history the United States' political-military involvement Vietnam from 1945 to 1967.The papers were released Daniel Ellsberg,who had worked the study; they were first brought the attention of the public the front page The New York Times 1971.A 1996 article The New York Times said that the Pentagon Papers had demonstrated,among other things. -
26th Amendment
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Jimmy Carter
James Earl Carter is an American politician who served as the 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He previously was the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975, after two terms in the Georgia State Senate from 1963 to 1967. Carter has remained active in public life during his post-presidency, and in 2002 he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize for his work in co-founding the Carter Center. -
Title IX
Title IX, as a federal civil rights law in the United States of America, was passed as part of the Education Amendments of 1972.This is Public Law No. 92‑318, 86 Stat. 235(June 23, 1972)It was co-authored and introduced by Senator Birch Bayh in the U.S. Senate. It was later renamed the Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act in 2002 after Patsy Mink, its late U.S. House co-author and sponsor.The following is the original text as made, signed into law by U.S. President Richard Nixon in 1972 -
Watergate Scandal
The Watergate scandal began early in the morning of June 17, 1972, when several burglars were arrested in the office of the Democratic National Committee, located in the Watergate complex of buildings in Washington, D.C. This was no ordinary robbery: The prowlers were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign, and they had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents. -
Nixon Visits China
President Richard Nixon visits the People’s Republic of China. After arriving in Beijing, the president announced that his breakthrough visit to China is “The week that changed the world.” In meeting with Nixon, Prime Minister Zhou Enlai urged early peace in Vietnam, but did not endorse North Vietnam’s political demands. North Vietnamese officials and peace negotiators took a dim view of Nixon’s trip, fearing that China and the United States would make a deal behind their backs. -
Roe v. Wade
Roe v. Wade, is a landmark decision issued in 1973 by the United States Supreme Court on the issue of the constitutionality of laws that criminalized or restricted access to abortions. The Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion, but that this right must be balanced against the state's interests in regulating abortions: protecting women's health and protecting the potentiality of human life. -
First Cell-Phones
all of the technological advancements of the 20th century, arguably the one that has gone on to have the biggest cultural impact has been the invention of the mobile phone.It caused a shift in the communications industry away from the place towards the person and, more significantly, fundamentally changed the way humans talk to each other.While there are many players in the story of how cellular telephony came into being. -
War Powers Resolution
The War Powers Resolution (also known as the War Powers Resolution of 1973 or the War Powers Act) (50 U.S.C. 1541–1548)is a federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress. The Resolution was adopted in the form of a United States Congress joint resolution. It provides that the U.S. President can send U.S. Armed Forces into action abroad only by declaration of war by Congress, -
Enganged Species Act
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OPEC Oil Embargo
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Ford Pardons Nixon
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United States v. Nixon
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Gerald Ford
Gerald Rudolph Ford was an American politician who served as the 38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977. Prior to his accession to the presidency he served as the 40th Vice President of the United States from December 1973 to August 1974. Ford is the only person to have served as both vice president and president without being elected to either office. His 895 day-long presidency is the shortest in U.S. history for any president who did not die in office. -
Fall of Saigon
Fall of Saigon was capture Saigon,capital South Vietnam,by People's Army of Vietnam and the National Liberation Front South Vietnam(also known as the Việt Cộng)30 April 1975.The event marked the end of the Vietnam War and the start a transition period formal reunification of Vietnam under the Socialist Republic Vietnam.under the command General Văn Tiến Dũng,began their final attack Saigon on April 29,1975,with the Army the Republic of Vietnam forces commanded General Nguyễn Văn Toàn -
Bill Gates Started Microsoft
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National Rifle Associate (NRA) Lobbying Begins
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Steve Jobs Started Apple
Steven Paul Jobs was an American entrepreneur, business magnate, inventor, and industrial designer. He was the chairman, chief executive officer (CEO), and a co-founder of Apple Inc., CEO and majority shareholder of Pixar, a member of The Walt Disney Company's board of directors following its acquisition of Pixar, and the founder, chairman, and CEO of NeXT. Jobs and Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak are widely recognized as pioneers of the microcomputer revolution of the 1970s and 1980s. -
Community Reinvestment Act of 1977
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Camp David Accords
The Camp David Accords were signed by Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David.The two framework agreements were signed at the White House, and were witnessed by United States President Jimmy Carter. The second of these frameworks (A Framework for the Conclusion of a Peace Treaty between Egypt and Israel) led directly to the 1979 Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty. -
Egypt-Israel Peace Treaty
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Iran Hostage Crisis
The Iran hostage crisis was a diplomatic standoff between Iran and the United States.Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4,1979,to January 20, 1981,after a group of Iranian students belonging to the Muslim Student Followers of the Imam's Line,who supported the Iranian Revolution,took over U.S.Embassy in Tehran. It stands as the longest hostage crisis in recorded history. -
Conservative Resurgence
In 1835, Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political philosopher and historian, published the first volume of Democracy in America, his analysis of the political system in the United States. The book was a result of his travels throughout the United States from 1831 to 1832. Democracy in America analyzed how democracy impacted every aspect of life in America. -
“Trickle Down Economics”
Trickle-down economics, also referred to as trickle-down theory, is an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term. It is a form of laissez-faire capitalism in general and more specifically supply-side economics. Whereas general supply-side theory favors lowering taxes overall. -
Sandra Day O’Connor Appointed to U.S. Supreme Court
Sandra Day O’Connor becomes the first female U.S. Supreme Court justice history when she is sworn by Chief Justice Warren Burger. Sandra Day was born in El Paso,Texas,1930.She grew up on her family’s cattle ranch in southeastern Arizona and attended Stanford University,where she studied economics.A legal dispute over her family’s ranch stirred her interest in law,1950 she enrolled in Stanford Law School.She took just two years to receive her law degree and was ranked near the top of her class. -
War on Drugs
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AIDS Epidemic
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Ronald Reagan
Ronald Wilson Reagan was an American politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. Prior to the presidency, he was a Hollywood actor and union leader before serving as the 33rd Governor of California from 1967 to 1975.Reagan was raised in a poor family in small towns of northern Illinois. He graduated from Eureka College in 1932 and worked as a sports announcer on several regional radio stations. -
Marines in Lebanon
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Iran-Contra Affair
The Iran–Contra affair also referred to as Irangate Contragate or the Iran–Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration. Senior administration officials secretly facilitated the sale of arms to Iran, which was the subject of an arms embargo.They hoped, thereby, to fund the Contras in Nicaragua while at the same time negotiating the release of several U.S. hostages. -
The Oprah Winfrey Show First Airs
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“Mr. Gorbachev, Tear Down This Wall!”
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End of Cold War
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Berlin Wall Falls
On August 13, 1961, the Communist government of the German Democratic Republic (GDR, or East Germany) began to build a barbed wire and concrete “Antifascistischer Schutzwall,” or “antifascist bulwark,” between East and West Berlin. The official purpose of this Berlin Wall was to keep Western “fascists” from entering East Germany and undermining the socialist state, but it primarily served the objective of stemming mass defections from East to West. -
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George H. W. Bush
George Herbert Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 41st president of the United States from 1989 to 1993. Prior to assuming the presidency, Bush was the 43rd Vice President of the United States from 1981 to 1989. A member of the Republican Party, he had previously been a congressman, ambassador and Director of Central Intelligence. While active in the public sector, he was known simply as George Bush; since 2001, he has often been referred to as George H. W. Bush. -
Iraq Invades Kuwait
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Germany Reunification
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Persian Gulf War
Persian Gulf War,(1990–91),international conflict that was triggered by Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait on August 2,1990.Iraq’s leader,Saddam Hussein, ordered the invasion and occupation of Kuwait with the apparent aim of acquiring that nation’s large oil reserves, canceling a large debt Iraq owed Kuwait, and expanding Iraqi power in the region.On August 3 the United Nations Security Council called for Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait, on August 6 the council imposed a worldwide ban on trade with Iraq. -
Operation Desert Storm
On January 16, 1991, President George H. W. Bush announced the start of what would be called Operation Desert Storm—a military operation to expel occupying Iraqi forces from Kuwait, which Iraq had invaded and annexed months earlier. For weeks, a U.S.-led coalition of two dozen nations had positioned more than 900,000 troops in the region, most stationed on the Saudi-Iraq border. A U.N.-declared deadline for withdrawal passed on January 15, with no action from Iraq. -
Soviet Union Collapsed
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Ms. Adcox Born
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Rodney King
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Bill Clinton
William Jefferson Clinton is an American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.Prior to the presidency, he was the Governor of Arkansas from 1979 to 1981, and again from 1983 to 1992 A member of the Democratic Party,Clinton was ideologically a New Democrat and many of his policies reflected a centrist "Third Way" political philosophy.Clinton was born and raised in Arkansas and attended Georgetown University, the University of Oxford, Yale Law School. -
Contract with America
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NAFTA Founded
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O.J. Simpson’s “Trial of the Century”
Trial of the century is an idiomatic phrase used to describe certain well-known court cases, especially of the 20th century. It is often used popularly as a rhetorical device to attach importance to a trial and as such is not an objective observation but is the opinion of whoever uses it.The O. J. Simpson murder case was a criminal trial held at the Los Angeles County Superior Court in which former National Football League (NFL) player, broadcaster, and actor Orenthal James "O. J." -
Bill Clinton’s Impeachment
After nearly 14 hours of debate, the House of Representatives approves two articles of impeachment against President Bill Clinton, charging him with lying under oath to a federal grand jury and obstructing justice. Clinton, the second president in American history to be impeached, vowed to finish his term.In November 1995, Clinton began an affair with Monica Lewinsky, a 21-year-old unpaid intern. -
Jenny Carranza
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USA Patriot Act
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War on Terror
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War in Afghanistan
Afghanistan War, international conflict in Afghanistan beginning in 2001 that was triggered by the September 11 attacks and consisted of three phases. The first phase toppling the Taliban (the ultraconservative political and religious faction that ruled Afghanistan and provided sanctuary for al-Qaeda, perpetrators of the September 11 attacks) was brief, lasting just two months. The second phase, from 2002 until 2008, was marked by a U.S. strategy of defeating the Taliban militarily. -
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George W. Bush
George Walker Bush (born July 6, 1946) is an American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000.
Bush was born on July 6, 1946, in New Haven, Connecticut. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, he worked in the oil industry. Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and unsuccessfully ran for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. -
9/11
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NASA Mars Rover Mission Begins
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Iraq War
Iraq War, also called Second Persian Gulf War, (2003–11), conflict in Iraq that consisted of two phases. The first of these was a brief, conventionally fought war in March–April 2003, in which a combined force of troops from the United States and Great Britain invaded Iraq and rapidly defeated Iraqi military and paramilitary forces. It was followed by a longer second phase in which a U.S.-led occupation of Iraq was opposed by an insurgency. -
Facebook Launched
founded Facebook while studying psychology at Harvard University. A keen computer programmer, Mr Zuckerberg had already developed a number of social-networking websites for fellow students, including Coursematch, which allowed users to view people taking their degree, Facemash, where you could rate people's attractiveness.In February 2004 Mr Zuckerberg launched "The facebook", as it was originally known; name taken from the sheets of paper distributed to freshmen, profiling students and staff. -
Hurricane Katrina
Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone that is tied with Hurricane Harvey of 2017 as the costliest tropical cyclone on record. Katrina was also one of the costliest natural disasters and one of the five deadliest hurricanes in the history of the United States.[3] As Katrina made landfall, its front right quadrant, which held the strongest winds, slammed into Gulfport, Mississippi, devastating it. -
Saddam Hussein Executed
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Iphone Released
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American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009
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Sonia Sotomayor Appointed to U.S. Supreme Court
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Hillary Clinton Appointed U.S. Secretary of State
Hillary Clinton United States Secretary State,under President Barack Obama,from 2009 to 2013,overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy Barack Obama.She was preceded in office Condoleezza Rice,succeeded by John Kerry.She is also only former First Lady of United States to become a member of United States Cabinet.Within a week after November 4,2008,presidential election,President-elect Obama and Clinton discussed over telephone the possibility of her serving U.S. Secretary State -
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Barack Obama
Barack Hussein Obama is an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017. The first African American to assume the presidency, he was previously the junior United States Senator from Illinois from 2005 to 2008. He served in the Illinois State Senate from 1997 until 2004.
Obama was born in 1961 in Honolulu, Hawaii, two years after the territory was admitted to the Union as the 50th state. -
Arab Spring
Arab Spring, also referred to as Arab revolutions was a revolutionary wave of both violent and non-violent demonstrations,protests,riots, coups, foreign interventions, and civil wars in North Africa and the Middle East that began on 18 December 2010 in Tunisia with the Tunisian Revolution.Tunisian Revolution effect spread strongly to five other countries:Libya,Egypt,Yemen,Syria and Bahrain. -
Osama Bin Laden Killed
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Space X Falcon 9
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Donald Trump Elected President
