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The U.S. foreign policy
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The five-power treaty
This is an internationalist where the Five-Power treaty, signed by the United States, Great Britain, Japan, France and Italy was the cornerstone of the naval disarmament program. It called for each of the countries involved to maintain a set ratio of warship tonnage. Regarded as a success, there was some controversy over expansion.While the U.S., Britain and Japan already had many bases in the pacific but outlawed their expansion further. -
The Four-power treaty
This is internationalism. This treaty replaced the Anglo-Japanese Treaty of 1902, which was a source of concern for the U.S. Following World War One, the U.S. policymakers saw Japan as the greatest rising military threat. By ending the treaty and creating a Four-Power agreement, the countries involved ensured that none would be obligated to engage in a conflict, but a mechanism would exist for discussions if one emerged. -
The Nine-Power Treaty
This treaty is internationalism. The Nine-Power Treaty marked the internationalization of the U.S. Open Door Policy in China. The treaty promised that each of the signatories the United States, Britain, Japan, France, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Portugal and China would respect the territorial integrity of China. The treaty recognized Japanese dominance in Manchuria but otherwise affirmed the importance of equal opportunity for all nations doing business in the country. -
U.S peace advacates
This is isolationism. In the wake of World War I, U.S. officials and private citizens made significant efforts to guarantee that the nation would not be drawn into another war.Peace advocates Nicholas Murray Butler and James T. Shotwell were part of this movement. -
U.S. Loans to Allied Powers
This Treaty is isolationism.This was determined to secure repayment of the more than $10 billion it had loaned to the Allies. Washington rejected calls to cancel these debts in the name of the common wartime cause; it also resisted efforts to link reparations to inter-allied war debts. In 1922, London made this link explicit in the Balfour Note, which stated that it would seek reparations and wartime debt repayments from its European allies equal to its debt to the United States -
The Young Plan
This is Internationalism. This would reduced the total amount of reparations demanded of Germany to 121 billion gold marks, almost $29 billion, payable over 58 years. Another loan would be floated in foreign markets, this one totaling $300 million. Foreign supervision of German finances would cease and the last of the occupying troops would leave German soil. The Young Plan called for the establishment of a Bank for International Settlements, designed to facilitate the payment of reparations. -
The Dawes Plan
The Dawes Plan is international. Under the Dawes Plan, Germany's annual reparation payments would be reduced, increasing over time as its economy improved; the full amount to be paid, however, was left undetermined. Over the next four years, U.S. banks continued to lend Germany enough money to enable it to meet its reparation payments to countries France and the United Kingdom. These countries used their reparation payments from Germany to service their war debts to the U.S. -
french involment
This is Internationalism. The United States and France to outlaw war between them. France faced continuing insecurity from its German neighbor and sought alliances to shore up its defenses. Briand published an open letter in April of 1927 containing the proposal. Though the suggestion had the enthusiastic support of some members of the American peace movement, U.S. President Calvin Coolidge and Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg were less eager than Briand to enter into a bilateral arrangement. -
inital arms limits
This is Internationalism. The United States and Great Britain remained on par with each other in the size of their navies, Japan was held to a navy 60 percent as large. France and Italy were restricted to navies 35 percent the size of the British and American forces. In 1927, U.S. invited these powers to meet again to discuss extending the agreement to include other classes of vessels not included in the original treaty, such as cruisers, destroyers, and submarines. France and Italy declined -
genva conference
This is Isolationism. The other three powers met in Geneva and began negotiations on the extension of naval limitations. The United States proposed that the existing 5:5:3 ratios between the three powers be extended to include auxiliary vessels; that the maximum size of cruisers remain at less than 10,000 tons with 8-inch guns; and that the total tonnage of cruisers be limited to 400,000 for the United States and Great Britain (240,000 tons for Japan). -
failure to form treaty
This is Isolationism. The United States passed a bill to build fifteen new cruisers and an aircraft carrier, and thereby joined the naval arms race. This led Japan and Britain to consider their own building programs, making the result of the conference a potential new arms race, rather than limitation. -
senator gerald nye
This is Isolationism. Franklin Delano Roosevelt tended to see a necessity for the United States to participate more actively in international affairs, but his ability to apply his personal outlook to foreign policy was limited by the strength of isolationist sentiment in the U.S. Congress. In 1933, President Roosevelt proposed a Congressional measure that would have granted him the right to consult with other nations to place pressure on aggressors in international conflicts
