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1469
Isabella & Ferdinand unify Spain
They also laid the foundations for Spain's colonies in the New World. -
Period: 1491 to 1547
Henry VIII resigns in England
He was known for marrying six women. -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I reigns England
One of the most glorious in English history. -
Edict of Nantes
Granted a large measure of religious liberty to the Hugeunots. -
Don Quixote is published
First modern novel and also one of the greatest novels of all time. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
Battle against the Catholic and Protestant states. -
Petition of Right signed
An English constitutional document setting out specific individual protections. -
Period: to
Charles II regions England
King of Scotland -
Period: to
The Long Parliament
English Parliament -
Period: to
Louis XIV reigns as king of France
He reigned for 72 years and 110 days which is the longest of any sovereign. -
Peace of Westphalia is signed
Ended the Thirty Years' War in Europe. -
Thomas Hobbes publishes “Leviathan”
He published it to respond to the fear he experienced during the political turmoil of the English Civil War. -
Period: to
Peter the Great reigns as czar of Russia
Peter the Great's reign was a turning point in Russian History. -
Glorious Revolution
Sequence of events that led to the depostition of James ll and Vll. -
English Bill of Rights signed
Limits the powers of the king and queen. -
John Locke publishes “Two Treaties of Government”
It proposes the government emerges from the consent of the government to protect their natural rights. -
Daniel Dafoe publishes “Robinson Crusoe”
English adventure novel. -
Jonathan Swift publishes “Gulliver’s Travels”
A four-part novel. -
Sabastian Bach height of his career
He composed music for most of his life. -
Period: to
Frederick II reigns Prussia
Elected the first king of Prussia -
Baron de Montesquieu publishes “The Spirit of Laws”
He discussed governments throughout history. -
Period: to
Denis Diderot publishes his “Encyclopedia”
28-volume reference book. -
Period: to
Seven Years War
A global conflict involving most of the European greatest powers. -
Voltaire publishes “Candid”
It was published in three different places simultaneously. -
Period: to
George III reigns England
First true British monarch of the Hanoverian kings. -
Jean Jacque Rousseau publishes “Social Contract”
French-language book. -
Period: to
Catherine Great reigns Russia
Reigning empress of Russia. -
Boston Massacre
Confrontation in Boston in which nine British soldiers shot several people in a crowd who were harassing them. -
Boston Tea Party
American political and mercantile protest. -
Intolerable Acts
A series of four laws was passed by the British Parliament to punish one of the 13 colonies. -
Battle of Lexington & Concord
The Battles of Lexington and Concord was the first major military campaign of the American Revolutionary War. -
Adam Smith publishes “Wealth of Nations”
An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. -
Declaration of Independence signed
The 13 colonies freedom from the British. -
Period: to
Joseph II reigns Austria
Co-agent of Austria with his mother. -
Battle of Yorktown
Also known as the Battle of Yorktown and the surrender of at Yorktown. -
Treaty of Paris
Ended the American Revolution. -
Storming of the Bastille
Revolutionary insurgents tried to seize control over the Bastille. -
US Constitution ratified
World's longest surviving written charter of government. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man
Human civil rights document that was from the French Revolution. -
Tennis Court Oath
Key moment that set off the French Revolutionary War. -
Women’s march on Versailles
A riot that took place during the first stage of the French Revolution. -
Declaration of the Rights of Woman
Was written in response to the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. -
Mary Wollstonecraft publishes “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman”
One of the earliest works of feminist philosophy. -
National Convention formed
The National Convention was formed to replace the previous legislative bodies after the monarchy. -
Period: to
Radical Phase
Attack on the Tuileries Palace and Thermidorian Reaction. -
The Committee of Public Safety created
Protects the new republic against enemies -
Period: to
Reign of Terror
During this time the First Republic was created and many executions were done during this time. -
Five Man Directory created
Governing of five-member committee in the French First Republic. -
Napoleon Bonaparte becomes Emperor
Napoleon became Emperor of the French and was the French's architect for their recovery following the Revolution. -
Battle Austerlitz
The Battle of Austerlitz was one of the most important military engagements of the Napoleonic Wars. -
Battle of Trafalgar
Naval engagement between the British Royal Navy and the fleets of the French and Spanish Navies. -
Battle of Leipzig
The Battle of Leipzig was also known as the Battle of the Nations. -
Napoleon exiled to Elba
He abdicated the throne and was banished to the Mediterranean island of Elba. -
Period: to
Congress of Vienna
Series of international diplomatic meetings. -
Napoleon exiled to St. Helena
He was exiled to St. Helena after he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo.