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Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Italian Renaissance/ Northern Renaissance
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Jan 1, 1308
Duccio, Virgin an Child
This paining was done as a panel for a mantel centerpiece of an altarpiece that was dived up in the eighteenth century. This painting is indicative of the maniera greca style, which incorporates the Greek style by emphasizes brilliant flattened gold backgrounds with stylized figures arranged schematically. This piece also uses the hieratic scale to emphasize the virgin and by increasing their size and stacking the the saints an angles around them. -
Jan 1, 1348
Black Death
The black death was an outbreak of the bubonic plague that spread across Europe and the middle east in 1348 and killed between one third and half of the population at the time. The effects of the plague would have long lasting effects on European society. This caused the religious culture of the era to be embedded with the concept of mortality at the time and for much of the next century with the triumph of death being one of the most famous paintings depicting the plague. -
Jan 1, 1377
Filippo Brunelleschi 1377 - 1466
Brunelleschi was born in 1377 and was an apprentice to a goldsmith until he entered into a contest in 1401 to design doors for the city's baptistry which he lost. This loss caused him to quit the city of Florence only to return ten years later and to design a dome with a new design which was an octagonal drum with a second dome on top, the greatest architectural feat of the western world before his death in 1446.
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Jan 1, 1430
Jan Van Eyck, Virgin and Child with Chancellor Rolin 1430-1434
During the Northern Renaissance personal devotion was important and many pieces of art depicted individuals in prayer this particular painting is symbolic of the virgin and child set in a contemporary domestic setting. Rolin is thought to have been praying so hard in his private chambers that the virgin and child appeared before him. -
Jan 1, 1508
Pieter Aertsen 1508 - 1575
Aertsen was a painter born in 1508 who resided in Antwerp that was a pioneer of still life and genre paintings. His paintings were famous for the fact that he incorporated religious scenes into them. He was also important in the still life movement for his depictions of food, flowers, and everyday objects. is career can be traced up until 1571 shortly before his death in 1575. [link text](http://www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/aertsen/] -
Oct 31, 1517
95 Theses
The 95 theses by Martin Luther pronounced two things that the bible is the central religious authority and that humans may reach salvation only by their faith and not by their deeds. This had a major impact on the art world of the time because Luther was wary of images becoming idolatrous which caused artist to stop making altar pieces and reliquaries during this time period. link text -
Jan 1, 1571
Caravaggio 1571 - 1610
Caravaggio was born in 1571 in Italy in and apprenticed as a painter until he moved to Rome where he became popular for the tenebrism technique that he used in his paintings. Tenebrism used shadows to emphasize lighter areas in a painting and was an important component of the art scene at the time. Caravaggio had a relatively short career and died in 1610 shortly after killing a man and fleeing Rome. link text -
Period: to
Baroque
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Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith and Maidservant with the Head of Holofernes
This painting is depicting the Old Testament heroine Judith and her maidservant leaving the enemy leader's camp after seducing and killing him. Gentileschi uses tenebrism where a dark setting is offset with details and figures highlighted by a bright light source which mimics a spotlight. The light intensifies the scene as Judith hears a noise outside and quiets her maidservant. -
The Treaty of Westphalia
The Treaty of Westphalia brought peace to the north and the south leaving the North independent and the south under Spanish rule. Since the south was under catholic rule it tended to foster production of large religious art pieces where as the north focused on secular pieces which became popular in the fifteenth century, although they did still have religious undertones. -
Period: to
Enlightenment and Revolution
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Anton Raphael Mengs 1728 - 1779
Anton Raphael Mengs born in 1728 studied under his father until became the the Saxon court painter in 1745 where he executed a large number of portraits. He became a friend to Winckelmann and shared the same enthusiasm for classical antiquity and he was celebrated as the best living painter in Europe of his day until his death in 1779. link text -
William Hogarth, Marriage-a-la-Mode: 2. The Tête à Tête
This painting reflects the move towards genre scenes of the day. This particular scene depicts the marriage of a bride and groom for money not for love. the couple is living beyond there means and clearly their accountant leaves frustrated. These types of scenes used satire and moralizing narratives to present the follies of humankind in hopes of a better society being created. -
The sublime
The Sublime refers to the world being full of uncontrollable forces that are awe inspiring and frightening at the same time similar to a sudden intense storm. You see this affect the art world when painting begin to display crumbling building that have been abandoned or destroy be nature, which depict such terror and beauty all at once. -
The History of Ancient Art - Johann Joachim Winckelmann
This was a work published by Johann Joachim Winckelmann that focused on Greek artistic development where greek and roman types were combined together. Winckelmann went to great lengths to note the achievements of the Greeks above Romans and others and was considered the first art historian. -
Théodore Gericault 1791 - 1824
Theodore Gericault was born in 1824 in France and became influential in the development of romantic art. He was friends with Etienne Georget a pioneer in the psychiatric field who was his inspiration for his series of painting depicting individuals afflicted with kleptomania and other victims of insanity link text -
Francisco Goya, Charles IV on Horseback
This is a painting done by Francisco Goya while he was a court painter for Charles IV in which he displays the Rococo and Baroque styles combined. -
Period: to
Romantacism and Realism
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Photography
Photography started with the camera obscura which meant the dark chamber which developed in to an art form of its own. It changed the art world due to the fact that artists could photograph their subjects and use that as a reference for their pieces. -
Jean-Léon Gérôme, The Moorish Bath
this piece wa done by Jean Leon Gerome who specialized in exotic eroticized scenes of the middle east he ha an evocative naturalistic style as well as orientalism which is the disconnect between reality and fictitious assumptions about the middle east. -
Gustave Courbet 1819 - 1877
Gustave was a french painter born in 1819 he was know as a bold painter of the realist school who shocked critic with painting that he did of every day life in rural areas. He spent hs last years in a commune before his death in 1877.
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Period: to
The mordern World
