-
2016 BCE
Old Kingdom Period ( Ancient Egypt) 2575–2465 B.C
The Royal Acquaintances Memi and Sabu
Pair statues, usually depicting a husband and wife, were frequently placed in a serdab, the hidden statue chamber often found in nonroyal tomb chapels of the Old Kingdom. The Egyptians believed that the spirit of the deceased could use such a statue as a home and enter it in order to benefit from gifts of food that were brought to the offering chapel of the tomb.
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/48.111/) -
2016 BCE
Early Christian & Medival
Roman de la Rose, M. 948, fol. 12r, 16th century (Morgan Library and Museum, New York)
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/medieval-world/medieval-europe/a/introduction-to-the-middle-ages) -
2016 BCE
Byzantine
Processional Cross
Elaborately decorated crosses were widely used in religious, military, and imperial processions during the Middle Byzantine era. Often, as here, inscriptions in Greek identify the holy figures depicted in portrait busts. On the front of this cross, the central medallion contains a bust of Christ. The archangels Michael and Gabriel, the guardians of heaven, are pictured above and below him.
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1993.163/) -
2016 BCE
Pre History and Prehistoric Art
The earliest representational image making was a 2.4-inch tall female figure carved out of mammoth ivory that was found in six fragments in the Hohle Fels cave near Schelklingen in southern Germany. 35,000 B.C.E.(https://arthistory1030.wordpress.com/2016/06/15/week-1-prehistory-and-prehistoric-art/) -
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2016 BCE
Byzantine
Fragment of a Floor Mosaic with a Personification of Ktisis
The bust of a richly bejeweled woman stares from this fragment of a floor mosaic that was once part of a large public building. The partially restored Greek inscription near her head identifies her as Ktisis, the personification of the act of generous donation or foundation
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/1998.69,1999.99/) -
2016 BCE
Renaissance
The renaissance (or rebirth) is an Italian idea, and the Italian Renaissance generally covers the periods from the beginning of the fourteenth century to the end of the sixteenth century. The debate on it's beginning and end is largely immaterial, but for the purposes of this site we will begin at the start of the fourteenth
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance (Masaccio)
"Crucifixion," circa 1426
83 × 63 cm Museo di Capodimonte, Naples (w)
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Masaccio.html) -
2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance (Simone Martini)
Petrach's Virgil.
(title page)
(c. 1336) (w)
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Simone-Martini.html) -
2016 BCE
Ancient Egypt
Step Pyramid of Djoser at Saqqara, Old Kingdom, c. 2675-2625 B.C.E. Photo: Dr Amy Calvert
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/egypt-art/beginners-guide-egypt/a/ancient-egypt-an-introduction) -
2016 BCE
Predynastic, Late Naqada l–Naqada II Period (Ancient Egypt)
Bowl with Human Feet
This simple, round bowl, tipped slightly forward as if to offer its contents, has two such feet solidly attached to its underside. Made from Nile clay, the bowl has a smoothed, slipped, and polished surface, giving it a light sheen
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/works-of-art/10.176.113/) -
2016 BCE
The High Renaissance - Leonardo, Bramante, & Early Michelangelo
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Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Hellenistic Period (323-146)
Third Macedonian War (172-168/7)
Lucius Aemelius Paulus of Rome defeats Perseus of Macedon at Pydna.
Macedonia divided into four republics
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Middle Kingdom, mid-Dynasty 11–Dynasty 13
A renewed flowering of the arts is evident, especially in Mentuhotep’s innovative funerary temple in western Thebes, and in the exquisite painted reliefs decorating this structure and the tombs of officials in the surrounding cemeteries
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Paleolithic Art
The first human artistic representations, markings with ground red ocher, seem to have occurred about 100,000 B.C. in African rock art
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Paleolithic Art
By 20,000 B.C., humans had settled on every continent except Antarctica. The earliest human occupation occurs in Africa, and it is there that we assume art to have originated
(metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Paleolithic Art
Many musical instruments were crafted from easily degradable materials like leather, wood, and sinew, they are often lost to archaeologists, but flutes made of bone dating to the Paleolithic period in Europe (ca. 35,000–10,000 B.C.) are richly documented.
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Middle Paleolithic Age
oldest homo sapiens fossil—from Omo, Ethiopia
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Upper Paleolithic Age
earliest needle found. Made and used by Denisovans
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Mesolithic Age
A major outbreak occurs on Lake Agassiz, which at the time could have been the size of the current Black Sea and the largest lake on Earth. Much of the lake is drained in the Arctic Ocean through the Mackenzie river
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_prehistory) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Bronze Age
During the Bronze Age (around 3200 – 1100 B.C.E.), a number of cultures flourished on the islands of the Cyclades, in Crete and on the Greek mainland.
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/ancient-greece-an-introduction) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Bonze Age
Mycenaean culture flourished on the Greek mainland in the Late Bronze Age, from about 1600 to 1100 B.C.E. The name comes from the site of Mycenae, where the culture was first recognized after the excavations in 1876 of Heinrich Schliemann
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/ancient-greece-an-introduction) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Archaic period
Two of the most distinctive forms of free-standing sculpture to emerge during the Archaic period of Greek art (about 600-480 B.C.E.) were statues of youths (kouroi) and maidens (korai
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/ancient-greece-an-introduction) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Classical period
By around 500 B.C.E. "rule by the people," or democracy, had emerged in the city of Athens
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/ancient-greece-an-introduction) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Mycenaean Culture (1300-1000)
"Sea Peoples" begin raids in the Eastern Mediterranean
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Archaic Period (700-480)
Earliest Lyric Poets
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Archaic Period (700-480)
Solon replaces the Draconian law in Athens and lays the foundation for Democracy.
He introduced to Athens the first coinage and a system of weights and measures
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Classical Period (480-323 )
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Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Classical Period (480-323 )
Earthquake in Lakonia
Helot revolt against Sparta in Messenia
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Classical Period (480-323 )
Thirty-year peace treaty signed between Athens and Sparta in winter 446/445
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Classical Period (480-323 )
Democracy restored in Athens
(ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Paleolithic Period
Archaeologists have designated this long stretch of time the Paleolithic period because most tools are made from stone
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Middle Paleolithic Period (90,000 to 35,000 B.C.)
people who settled at springs in the desert and along the river left behind more sophisticated tool kits that are dominated by blades and retouched bifaces
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Upper Paleolithic cultures (ca. 35,000–7000 B.C.)
produced tool kits composed largely of monoliths.
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Neolithic Period
Their occupation is identified from the remains of huts, hearths, granaries, and no portable stone tools for grinding grains.
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Badarian Period
The numerous Badarian cemeteries reveal a formal burial program that includes constructing a tomb, positioning the body, and supplying the deceased with equipment for an afterlife
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Naqada II Period
Substantial change in the social organization of Predynastic society occurs during this period, identified by the size and arrangement of settlement and cemetery sites as well as the contents of tombs
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Old Kingdom, Dynasties 3–6)
Egyptians master the art of building in stone, but over a period of 500 years they define the essence of their art, establishing artistic canons that will last for more than 3,000 years
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
First Intermediate Period, Dynasty 8–mid-Dynasty 11
During the First Intermediate Period, Egypt is ruled by two competing dynasties, one based at Heracleopolis in the north, the other based at Thebes in the south.
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
(330 A.D) Byzantium
The first Christian ruler of the Roman empire, Constantine the Great (r. 306–337) (26.229), transferred the ancient imperial capital from Rome to the city of Byzantion located on the easternmost territory of the European continent, at a major intersection of east-west trade
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Early Bzyantium Period
Christianity replaced the gods of antiquity as the official religion of the culturally and religiously diverse state in the late 300s (2006.569). The practice of Christian monasticism developed in the fourth century, and continued to be an important part of the Byzantine faith, spreading from Egypt to all parts of the empire.
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Byzantium Period
The development of the codex, or bound manuscript, replacing the ancient scroll marked a major innovation
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Byzantium
A number of deluxe, illustrated Early Byzantine manuscripts survive from the fourth to sixth centuries, including Old and New Testaments, editions of Virgil’s Aeneid and Homer’s Iliad, and medical treatises such as Dioscurides’ De materia medica
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Byzantium Period
Relief carving in diverse media and the two-dimensional arts of painting and mosaic work were extremely popular in both secular and religious art (1998.69; 1999.99).
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Byzantium Period
In the 700s and early 800s, the Iconoclastic controversy raged over the proper use of religious images, resulting in the destruction of icons in all media, especially in the capital of Constantinople.
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Middle Byzantium Period
Greek became the official language of the Byzantine state and church, and Christianity spread from Constantinople throughout the Slavic lands to the north
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Middle Byzantine Period
Art and architecture flourished during the Middle Byzantine period, owing to the empire’s growing wealth and broad base of affluent patrons
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Middle Byzantine Period
An intensified revival of interest in classical art forms and ancient literature reflected Byzantium’s continuous and active engagement with its ancient past throughout the empire’s long history (17.190.239).
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Period of the Latin Occupation
In 1204, armies of the Fourth Crusade invaded from western Europe, conquering the ancient Byzantine imperial capital and founding the “Latin Empire of Constantinople,” while other imperial territories also fell to Crusader rule.
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Period of the Latin Occupation
The Crusader state in Constantinople was one of several in the thirteenth-century Levant, all under the spiritual authority of the pope as head of the Latin Church of Western Europe (28.99.1)
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Period of the Latin Occupation
This Crusader state lasted from 1204 until 1261, when Byzantine rule was reestablished in Constantinople and limited portions of the former Byzantine empire were also retaken.
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Late Byzantium
The last Byzantine lands would be conquered by the Ottoman Turks in the mid-fifteenth century, with Constantinople taken in 1453, and Mistra and Trebizond in 1460
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance
The fourteenth century, or Trecento, artists shed the mosaics associated with the Byzantine period and took inspiration from classical Greek and Roman sculptors
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance
Italian Renaissance Art began with Giotto (c. 1267-1337) who is considered to be the first painter to have broken with the tradition of Byzantine art at the end of the middle ages.
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance
Giotto made advances in representing the human body in a more realistic way, and his technique was the first to realize this change since the times of classical antiquity
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Renaissance Influences and events
The Plague
The Black Death of 1348 swept across Europe and it has been estimated that one third of the population died as a result of this pandemic. This decline in population continued and in 1450 the population of Europe was around half of what it had been in the early part of the fourteenth century.
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance ( The Arts)
Brunelleschi was responsible for the emergence of both renaissance architecture and perspective drawing, his work had a profound influence on the sculptors and painters of the day. Donatello, along with his contemporary Ghiberti, was the greatest sculptor of the fifteenth century, he produced a range of astonishing work over a sixty-year period. Masaccio was the most accomplished painter of the early fifteenth century
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance
The printing press was invented by Gutenberg who lived in Strasbourg in the 1440's
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Paleolithic Art
The caves at Chauvet-Pont-d'Arc, Lascaux, Pech Merle, and Altamira contain the best known examples of pre-historic painting and drawing, dating back for at least 30,000 years old
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/paleolithic-art/a/paleolithic-art-an-introduction) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Paleolithic Art
Approximately 15,000 years later in the valley of Vèzére, in southwestern France, modern humans lived and witnessed the migratory patterns of a vast range of wildlife
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/prehistoric-art/paleolithic-art/a/lascaux) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Prehistoric Art
The site of Ubirr in northern Australia contains exceptional examples of Aboriginal rock art repainted for millennia beginning perhaps as early as 40,000 B.C. The earliest known rock art in Australia predates European painted caves by as much as 10,000 years
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/preh/hd_preh.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Hellenistic period
Following the death of Alexander and the division of his empire, the Hellenistic period (323-31 B.C.E.) saw Greek power and culture extended across the Middle East and as far as the Indus Valley
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/ancient-art-civilizations/greek-art/beginners-guide-greece/a/ancient-greece-an-introduction) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Mycenaean Culture (1300-1000)
Trojan War (1250 or 1210)
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Hellenistic Period (323-146)
Stoic philosopher Epicurus founds school in Athens
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Hellenistic Period (323-146)
Invasion of Greece by Gauls
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Archaic Period (700-480)
Second Messenian War
Sparta invades Messenia (640-630)
Cyrene founded (630)
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Hellenistic Period (323-146)
Aristotle dies
(http://ancient-greece.org/resources/timeline.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Lower Paleolithic period (ca. 300,000–90,000 B.C.)
The earliest occupation known in Egypt and these ancestors of humans often used a bifacial tool we call the Acheulian hand ax
(http://www.metmuseum.org/toah/ht/02/afe.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Byzantium Period
For ecclesiastical architecture in the early Byzantine period, domed churches, the most important being Constantinople’s Church of Hagia Sophia, and other domed sacred buildings began to appear in greater number alongside traditional basilica forms, first seen in the large-scale churches sponsored by Emperor Constantine I in the early fourth century.
(http://metmuseum.org/toah/hd/byza/hd_byza.htm) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Italian Renaissance
The poet, historian and philosopher, Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374) was one of the leading lights of the movement
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Period: 2016 BCE to 2016 BCE
Renaissance Influences and events
The Medici became patrons of art and lie at the heart of the early Renaissance. The family was one of the wealthiest in Europe, and were among the most important patrons of the arts in Renaissance Italy.
(http://www.italian-renaissance-art.com/Italian-renaissance.html) -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo
1452: Leonardo is born on April 15 in the village of Anchiano, near the town of Vinci.
(http://www.davincilife.com/timeline.html) -
Period: May 25, 1467 to May 26, 1467
Leonardo
At 15 Leonardo is sent to Florence to work as apprentice to Andrea De Verrocchio
(http://www.davincilife.com/timeline.html) -
Mar 6, 1475
Early Michelangalo
Michelangelo Buonarroti was born in Caprese, a village near Florence, during his father’s short term as mayor and local magistrate.
(http://www.michelangeloexperience.com/2010/09/timeline-of-michelangelos-life-work/) -
Period: Mar 6, 1475 to Feb 18, 1564
Michaelangalo
Dies -
Jun 25, 1483
Leonardo
Leonardo paints the Virgin of the Rocks
Leonardo da Vinci was commissioned to deliver an alter-piece comprising three panels for the church of San Francesco Grande in Milan.
(http://www.davincilife.com/timeline.html) -
Period: Oct 25, 1488 to Oct 26, 1489
Michaelangalo
Michelangelo quits school and signs up for an apprenticeship as a painter with Domenico Ghirlandaio.
(http://www.michelangeloexperience.com/2010/09/timeline-of-michelangelos-life-work/) -
Period: Sep 25, 1494 to Aug 26, 1495
Michaelangalo
Michelangelo flees the city, goes to Bologna. There he sculpts three small statues for the tomb of San Domenico: ST. PETRONIUS, ST.PROCULUS, and an ANGEL.
(http://www.michelangeloexperience.com/2010/09/timeline-of-michelangelos-life-work/) -
Nov 25, 1498
Leonardo
The Last Supper
The dining hall that Leonardo was to decorate with his painting was located in the building adjacent to the church. Leonardo was asked to create a portrait of Christ's last supper with his disciples, but more importantly, Leonardo chose to paint the very moment in which Christ announces that among the disciples lies a traitor
(http://www.davincilife.com/lastsupper.html) -
Period: May 2, 1519 to May 2, 1519
Leonardo
Leonardo dies in France
(http://www.davincilife.com/timeline.html) -
Period: to
Baroque And Romantism
The Church’s emphasis on art’s pastoral role prompted artists to experiment with new and more direct means of engaging the viewer
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/beginners-guide-baroque1/a/baroque-art-in-europe-an-introduction) -
Period: to
Baroque And Romantism
Artists like Caravaggio turned to a powerful and dramatic realism, accentuated by bold contrasts of light and dark, and tightly-cropped compositions that enhanced the physical and emotional immediacy of the depicted narrative.
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/beginners-guide-baroque1/a/baroque-art-in-europe-an-introduction) -
Period: to
Baroque And Romantism Artist
Others, like Giovanni Battista Gaulli, turned to daring feats of illusionism that blurred not only the boundaries between painting, sculpture, and architecture, but also those between the real and depicted worlds
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/beginners-guide-baroque1/a/baroque-art-in-europe-an-introduction) -
Baroque Romantism (Ingre)
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Baroque & Romantism (Girodet-Trioson)
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Baroque & Romantism
When Martin Luther tacked his 95 theses to the doors of Wittenberg Cathedral in 1517 protesting the Catholic Church’s corruption, he initiated a movement that would transform the religious, political, and artistic landscape of Europe
(https://www.khanacademy.org/humanities/monarchy-enlightenment/baroque-art1/beginners-guide-baroque1/a/baroque-art-in-europe-an-introduction) -
Period: to
Modern Art
American painter John Rand (1801–1873) invented the collapsible tin paint tube.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Period: to
Modern Art
Major advances were made in photography, allowing artists to photograph scenes which could then be painted in the studio at a later date.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Realism
Realism was the first explicitly anti-institutional, nonconformist art movement. Realist painters took aim at the social mores and values of the bourgeoisie and monarchy upon who patronized the art market. Though they continued submitting works to the Salons of the official Academy of Art, they were not above mounting independent exhibitions to defiantly show their work.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-realism.htm) -
Realism (Symphony in White, no. 1 (The White Girl) (1861-62)
Artist: James Whistler
Rather than making social statements, he gave his works titles like Symphony in White, using musical terms to suggest harmonious arrangements within a dominant "key." This idea prefigured connections drawn between music and abstract art in the twentieth century by artists like Georges Braque and Wassily Kandinsky.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-realism-artworks.htm#pnt_6) -
Period: to
Modern Art
Modern artists were the first to develop collage art, assorted forms of assemblage, a variety of kinetic art (inc mobiles), several genres of photography, animation (drawing plus photography) land art or earthworks, and performance art.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Period: to
Modern Art (New Materials)
Modern painters affixed objects to their canvases, such as fragments of newspaper and other items. Sculptors used "found objects", like the "readymades" of Marcel Duchamp, from which they created works of Junk art. Assemblages were created out of the most ordinary everyday items, like cars, clocks, suitcases, wooden boxes and other items.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Documentary Photography
A type of sharp-focus camerawork that captures a moment of reality, so as to present a message about what is happening in the world
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/photography/documentary.htm) -
Romantism (Olympia)
Manet's painting was quite clearly that of a prostitute, identified by the orchid in her hair and her various baubles, stark in its contrast between her flat, pale flesh and the dark background of her small room.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-realism-artworks.htm#pnt_6) -
Impressionism (Le déjeuner sur l'herbe)
The painting, which depicts the picnic of two fully clothed men and two nude women, defies the tradition of the idealized female subject of Neo-Classicism in the positioning of the woman on the left who gazes frankly out at the viewer- she is confrontational, rather than passive.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism-artworks.htm#pnt_3) -
Period: to
Modern Art
Edouard Manet (1832-83) exhibited his shocking and irreverent painting Le Dejeuner sur l'herbe in the Salon des Refuses in Paris. Despite Manet's respect for the French Academy, and the fact it was modelled on a Renaissance work by Raphael, it was considered to be one of the most scandalous pictures of the period.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Modern Art & Photography
The 19th century was a time of significant and rapidly increasing change. As a result of the Industrial Revolution (c.1760-1860) enormous changes in manufacturing, transport, and technology began to affect how people lived, worked, and travelled, throughout Europe and America.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Period: to
Impressionist
The Impressionists sought to capture the former - the optical effects of light - to convey the passage of time, changes in weather, and other shifts in the atmosphere in their canvases
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.htm) -
Period: to
Impressionist (Change Their Style)
The Impressionists loosened their brushwork and lightened their palettes to include pure, intense colors. They abandoned traditional linear perspective and avoided the clarity of form that had previously served to distinguish the more important elements of a picture from the lesser ones. For this reason, many critics faulted Impressionist paintings for their unfinished appearance and seemingly amateurish quality.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.htm) -
Impressionism (Fog, Voisins) (Alfred Sisley)
Fog, Voisins demonstrates this general preoccupation with the visual perception of the natural world through the application of rough, clearly visible brushstrokes and the blurry, almost ethereal rendering of color and form. Here, a woman, serenely picking flowers, is almost entirely obscured within the dense fog that eclipses the pastoral scene.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism-artworks.htm#pnt_3) -
Impressionism (In a Park)
Its originators were artists who rejected the official, government-sanctioned exhibitions, or salons, and were consequently shunned by powerful academic art institutions. In turning away from the fine finish and detail to which most artists of their day aspired, the Impressionists aimed to capture the momentary, sensory effect of a scene - the impression objects made on the eye in a fleeting instant
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-impressionism.htm) -
Portrait Photography
A genre that has largely replaced painted portraits
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/genres/portrait-art.htm#photography) -
Realism (Song of the Lark)
One of the most famous works of French Realism, Jules Breton's Song of the Lark received broad acclaim as a less confrontational, more widely accepted version of Realist painting. His peasant woman stands in the middle of a field, holding a scythe, while the sun rises on the horizon. The soft colors of the sky create a beautiful backdrop for the strong-willed, barefoot farmworker.
(http://www.theartstory.org/movement-realism-artworks.htm#pnt_6) -
Pictorialism
A type of camera art in which the photographer manipulates a regular photo in order to create an "artistic" image
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Fauvism
Short-lived, dramatic and highly influential, Led by Henri Matisse (1869-1954), Fauvism was 'the' fashionable style during the mid-1900s in Paris.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Period: to
Fauvism
The most important Fauvist Painters were Henri Matisse and Andre Derain (1880-1954), who had both studied together in 1897, together with Derain's close friend Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958).
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/fauvism.htm) -
Fauvist Painters (Kees van Dongen)
Woman with Large Hat
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/fauvism.htm) -
Cubism
In fine art, the term Cubism describes the revolutionary style of painting invented by Pablo Picasso (1881-1973) and Georges Braque (1882-1963) in Paris, during the period 1907-12
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/cubism.htm) -
Fauvist Painters (Henri Matisse)
Harmony in Red (The Dinner Table) Hermitage, St Petersburg. -
Cubism (Pablo Picasso)
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard -
Cubism (Georges Braque)
Violin and Candlestick
San Francisco Museum of Modern Art -
Surrealism
Surrealism was "the" fashionable art movement of the inter-war years, and the last major art movement to be associated with the Ecole de Paris
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealism.htm) -
Surrealism Art (Salvador Dali's)
The Persistence of Memory
showing his "melting" watches.
This particular work is one of the
greatest 20th century paintings
and contributed greatly to Dali's
reputation as the leading surrealist
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealism.htm) -
Surrealism Art ( Rene Magritte)
The Listening Room
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealism.htm) -
Surrealism Art (Meret Oppenheim)
Fur-Covered Cup, Saucer, Spoon
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealism.htm) -
Surrealism Art (Salvador Dali)
Lobster Telephone
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/surrealism.htm) -
Abstract Expressionism
The main contribution of abstract expressionism to "modern art" was to popularize abstraction. In Pollock's case, by inventing a new style known as "action painting" - see photos by text; in Rothko's case, by demonstrating the emotional impact of large areas of colour
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/modern-art.htm) -
Abstract Expressionism Painting (Willem De Kooning)
Woman V -
Abstract Expressionism Painting ( Mark Rothko)
-
Abstract Expressionism (Josef Albers)
Homage to the Square
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/history-of-art/abstract-expressionism.htm)
