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The first shots of the Revolutionary War are fired at Lexington and Concord in Massachusetts -
The Declaration of Independence is adopted by the Second Continental Congress -
As a result of the patriot victory at Saratoga and American diplomatic efforts, France allies itself with the new American government -
The Treaty of Paris ratifies the indeoendence of the 13 North American states -
A convention of states in Philadelphia proposes the Constitution to replace the much looser central government operating under the Articles of Confederation (adopted in 1777)