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Inventors of the Microscope
Robert Hooke and Anton Van Leeuwenhoek invented the microscope just so they could look at cells and other objects that they couldn't have seen before. -
Laws of Inheritance of traits
Gregor Mendel discovored the laws of inheritanse of traits by working with pea plants. -
Making of alcohol to prevent sickness
Louis Pasteur invented alcohol to help pervent diseases, infections, and sickness. -
Finding in white Blood Cells, Nucleic Acid
Johann Miescher discovered Nucleic Acid in white blood cells for pus on bandages. -
The study of Fruit flies
Thomas Hunt Morgan studyed fruit flies and discovered that genes were on chromosomes. -
The making of Penicillin
From a fungus Sir Alexander Fleming isolated Penicillin. -
Strains of Bacteria
Using mice Fred Griffith proved that genetic material can be moved from one strained of bacteria to another. -
Numbers of Units in DNA and Cytosine Equaled
In DNA numbers , units of adenine equaled those of thymine and cytosine equaled those of guanine is what Chargaff showed. -
One gene produces one enzyme
Beadle and Tatum can up with a rule called the "one gene produces one enzyme" Hypothesis. -
Blending Experiments
Hershey and Chase porved viruses replicated using DNA and confirmed the role of DNA as the hereditary materrial by using their famous "blender experiment". -
X-ray Crystallography
Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins proved through X-ray crystallography that DNA is indeed a double helix. -
Structure of DNA
The structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick. -
Plasmid in DNA
The circular pieces of DNA found in bacteria was found out to be Plasmid DNA by Hayes. -
Mechanism of Gene
Walter Gilbert discovered the mechanism of gene expression through his study of messenger RNA -
Bacterial restriction enzymes cut DNA
Bacterial restriction enzymes cut Dna this was discovered by Arber, Nathans, and Smith. -
Discovering the 64 condons
The 64 condons ( the triplet code of 3 bases in DNA) for the 20 amino acids making up proteins was discovered by Khorana and Nirenberg. -
Dna Plamids Isolated
Vinograd Purified and isolated DNA Pladmids. -
1st Transformation of the bacterium Escherichia coli
THe first transformation of the bacterium Escherichia coli was responsibly founded by Madel and Higa. -
Cloning Experiments
Boyer and Cohen conducted cloning experiments. -
Genentech
The worlds first genetic engineering company, Genentech, was founded. -
Recombinant DNA
Paul Berg, the Key organizer, and 140 other scientists met up to draw guidelines for working with recombinant DNA in microorganisms. -
Sequence DNA
Given an unknown piece of DNA, Sanger and Gilbert were able to read the correct order of bases of adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine and found a way to swquence DNA. -
Sythetic Insulin Gene
A synthetic insulin gene was inserted into e. coli by Boyer. -
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP)
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) that one could be identified by the pattern made of one's DNA through a digest by different enzymes was founded by Botstein. -
1st Vitro Fertilization
Loise Joy Brown was the frist human baby born from in a vitro ferilization, in which sperm and egg are joined in a petri dish and once the egg is fertilized it gets implanted into a womb. -
Biotech Companies
A huge startup for the biotech companies was when the U.S. Superme Court ruled that genetically altered life forms can be patented. -
1st Transgenic Animals
The frist transgenic animals were made at Ohio University by scientists. -
human insulin gene into bacteria
A human Insulin gene was placed inside bacteria by Eli Lilly Company. -
Agrobacterium- mediated gene transfer
Schell, Chilton, Van Montagu, Fraley, and Horsch transformed plants with the Agrobacterium-Mediated gene transfer. -
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was invented to amplify DNA in the laboratory by Kary Mullis. -
RFLP in DNA
Jeffries applied RFLP in DNA profiling to the study of criminal cases. -
Automated Fluorescence Sequencer
Speeding up the labor-intense process an Automated Fluorescence Sequencer was invented. -
Gene Gun
The use of a gene fun is were genes were moved into an organism. -
Guidelines for recombinant DNA
NIH revised safety guidelines for recombinant DNA to include plants with Agrobacterium-Mediated gene transfer. -
RNA interference
RNA inerferenced, silencing of genes, in the worm C. elegans was discovered by Andrew Fire and Criag Mello. -
Monoclonal antibody (MAb)
Monoclonal anitbody (MAb) technology was used by Kohler, Milstein, and Jerne. -
Yeast Artificial Chromosomes
"Yeast artificial chromosomes," or YACs, which are expression vectors for large proteins was invented by Maynard Olson and colleagues at Washington University. -
Cloning "Dolly" the sheep
Dolly the sheep was cloned from an adult cell of a ewe at the Rolin Institute in Scotland. The Person who cloned Dolly was Ian Wilmut. -
DNA Microarray Technology
Looking at the expression of all the genes of an organism at one time on a microscope slide or silicon chip, was developed with DNA microarray (DNA chip) technology. -
Higher tech Automated DNA Sequencer
What greatly sped up the Human Genome Project was Dabiri and Garer's invention an automated DNA sequencer that had a capability of sequencing 76,800 base pairs per hour, 5 to 30 times faster than existing sequencers. -
Riboswitch
Ron Breaker coined the term Riboswitch for part of an mRNA molecule that can regulate its own activity and therefore gene expression. -
Human Genome Project
The project provided the ability to find genes and gave rise to the sequncing of other genomes , Announcement was made of the completion of the Human Genome Project (initiated in 1990) by Francis Collins and Craig Venter.
