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Sandhurst Manifiesto
Cánovas wrote a manifiesto signed in Sandhurst where he promised a constitutional government. -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
In 1975 the monarchy was restored under Alfonso XII of Bourbon. The Bourbon Restoration in Spain was made possible by two processes:
By troungh the political manoeuvring and through a pronunciamiento. -
PSOE is founded
Spanish Socialist Worker's Party was founded by Pablo Iglesias and was consolidated by huge surge in the labour movement during this period. -
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Regency of María Christina
After the death of Alfonso XII the Restoration was maintained by the regenci of Maria Christina while her son Alfonso XIII was still a child. -
Bases de Manresa
Catalan nationalism demanded official status for the Catalan language, the establishment of Catalan political parties and cour and Catalan autonomy. The Bases de Manresa written by Prat de la Riba. -
Treaty of Paris
War erupted in the Pacific and the Atlantic. In both conflict, Spanish fleets were destroyed by the US. Spain was forced to sign the Treaty of Paris, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. -
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Reign of Alfonso XIII
Alfonso XIII acceded to the throne ina a political environment characterised by the crisis of Cánvas de Castillo's political system, the influence of regenerationism and the deaths of Cánovas and Sagasta. Historians usually look at two stages, divided by the crisis of 1917. -
Tragic week of 1909
Spanish occupation of its protectorate to a war with the inhabitants of the Rif; a war that required reservists to be called up. This set off violent protests in Barcelona, which became known as the Tragic Week og 1909. -
Disaster of Annual
Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against Morocco in what was known as the Disaster at Annual resulting in 10.000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing publc opinion. -
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Dicatorship of Primo de Rivera
This dictatorship went through two stages:
-The Military Directory (1923-1925). Primo de Rivera suspended the constitution, dissolved the Corted, prohibited political parties, suppressed the labour movement and defeated the Moroccans after the Alhucemas landing.
-The Civil Directory (1925-1930). Thanks to all he had earned, Primo de Rivera maintain power until 1930.
In January of 1930, due to the 1929 economic crisis, Primo de Rivera was forced to resign. -
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Second Spanish Republic
After the Second Republic was proclaimed, a provisional government was formed, made up of Republicans, socialists and nationalists who held elections fot the Constituent Corthes in June 1931. The left-wing parties won a majority and drafted a new constitution. -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
Alfonso XIII tried to go back to the parliamentary system. However, the citizens' disapproval of the king's support for the dictatorship led to significant Republican victories in the 1931 municipal elections for several major cities. The king went into exile on 14 April 1931 and the Second Republic was declared. -
October Revolution
A new government halted the majority of the previous reforms, which led to an increase in strikes and more actions by left-wing parties. CEDA then demanded positions in the government. This was most intense in Asturias and Barcelona. -
Tragic Spring
The Tragic Spring consisying of a wave of attacks and street violence between staunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists. -
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Spanish Civil War
The coup d'état began in Melilla, Tetuan and Ceuta. It spread throughout Spain, having success in rural areas, yet failing in the more industrialised urban areas. The country was divided into rwo zones, the Republican zone and the 'Nationalist' zone, and the military coup turned into a long Civil War. -
Bombing of Gernika
The bombing of Gernika by the German air force's Condor Legion enabled the insurgents to control key industrial and mining areas. -
End of the Civil War
The war moved to the Mediterranean where the insurgents intended to divide the Republican zone in two. The Republicans launched an offensive battle that led to many casualties on both sides. The insurgents advaned, took Catalonia and entered Madrid with no resistance and the Civil War ended.
