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Around 1418, he opened the first school for oceanic navigation, where students could learn about map-making, scientific practices, astrology, and more skills that would aid them in their journey down the west coast. -
It made it possible for the first time in Europe to manufacture large numbers of books for relatively little cost. -
The dwindling Byzantine Empire came to an end when Constantinople fell to the Ottomans. -
The Italian explorer Christopher Columbus officially set foot in the New World of the Americas on board his ship. -
This treaty divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and the Spanish Empire, along the meridian 370. The lands to the east would belong to Portugal and the lands to the west to Spain. -
He armed three ships, well supplied with people and sailors and left the port of San Germán (Puerto Rico) on March 3, 1513. On March 27 he sighted Florida for the first time. -
The Protestant Reformation began in when Martin Luther, a teacher and a monk, published a document he called Disputation on the Power of Indulgences. -
The document was a series of 95 ideas about Christianity. These ideas were controversial because they directly contradicted the Catholic Church's teachings, specifically when it came to the indulgence system. -
In response to Martin Luther's 95 Theses, as well as his other works, Pope Leo X sent a papal bull threatening him with excommunication in June 1520. Luther publicly burned the bull at Wittenberg on 10 December 1520 and was officially excommunicated in January 1521. -
Tenochtitlán, the capital city of the Aztec Empire, was defeated less than two years after the arrival of Spanish invaders led by Cortés. -
Catherine of Aragon was Queen of England as the first wife of King Henry VIII from their marriage on 11 June 1509 until their annulment on 23 May 1533. -
After a brief resistance, Cuzco fell to Pizarro’s army. -
In 1534 Parliament passed the Act of Supremacy which defined the right of Henry VIII to be supreme head on earth of the Church of England, thereby severing ecclesiastical links with Rome. -
Henry VIII created the Church of England as a religious body unique from the Roman Catholic Church. -
The “Institutes” argues for the majesty of God and for justification by faith alone. It was first published in Latin in 1536 and then in Calvin's native, French, in 1541. -
The expedition departed on May 9, 1540 and went along the coast of New Spain into the interior of the Gulf of California, and then continue north to Yuma, in present-day Arizona. -
A religious order that greatly helped the chatholic couter-reform. -
The Council of Trent was the 19th ecumenical council of the Catholic Church. Prompted by the Protestant Reformation, it was a big ally of the Counter-Reformation. -
The Council issued condemnations of what it defined to be heresies committed by proponents of Protestantism, and also issued key statements and clarifications of the Church's doctrine and teachings. -
First permanent legal basis for the coexistence of Lutheranism and Catholicism in Germany. -
The French Revolution was a period of radical political and societal change in France.