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Sandhurst Manifesto
It was wrotten by Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, it was signed un Sandhurst and in this manifesto he promised a constitutional government. -
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Reign of Alfonso XII
The monarchy was restored under him.The bourbon restoration was made possible by 2 processes:
-Through the political manoeuvring of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo.
-Through a pronunciamiento (military revolution) by General Martínez Campos. -
PSOE is founded
The Spanish Socialist Worker´s Party was founded by Pablo Iglesias and was consolidated by the huge surge in the labour movement during this period. -
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Regency of Maria Christina
The Restoration was maintained by her regency while her son, Alfonso XIII, was still a child. -
Bases de Manresa
Catalan nationalism demanded official status for the Catalan language, the establisment of Catalan political parties and courts, and Catalan autonomy. Its proposal were declared here and it werw written by Prat de la Riba -
Treaty of Paris
The US declared war on Spain after sinking of the US Navy battleship Maine.
Spanish fleets were destroyed by the US. Spain was forced to sign the 1898 Treaty of Paris, where they recognised the independence of Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. -
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Reign of Alfonso XIII
Acceded to the throne in a political environment characterised by the crisis of Cánovas del Castillo´s political system, the influence of regenerationism and deahts of Cánovas and Sagasta. -
Tragic week of 1909
Spanish occupation of its protectorate led to a war with the inhabitants of the Rif; a war that in 1909 required reservists to be called up, the majority of whom were fathers. This set off violebt protest in Barcelona. -
Disaster at Annual
Spain suffered a brutal defeat in the Rif War against Morocco, resulting in 10000 deaths and widespread public commotion, negatively influencing public opinion -
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Dictatorship of Primo de Rivera
It has two stages:
-The Military Directory (1923-1925): In this stage , he suspended the constitution, dissolved the Cortes, prohohibited political parties, suppressed the labour movement and defeated Moroccans.
-The Civil Directory (1925-19309):The military victory in Morocco and the economic boom of the 1920s helped him maintened power. -
Proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic
It consisted of the establishment of the new republican political regime that succeeded the constitutional monarchy of Alfonso XII. -
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Second Spanish Republic
1931-1933: A provisional government was formed, made up Republicans, socialists and nationalists. The left-wing parties won a majority and drafted a new constitution.Niceto Alcalá-Zamora was the president of the Republic and Manuel Azaña led a coalition government and it push for political reform.
1933-1936: The government was formed by the centrist Radical Repuclican Party, led by Alejandro Lerroux. The new government halted the majority of the previous reforms. -
October Revolution
The Spanish Confederation of the Autonomus Right demanded positions in the government. This sparked the October Revolution. -
Tragic Spring
Political violence reached its peak in what was known as the Tragic Spring, consisting of a wave of attacks and street violence between staunch falangist, communist and anarchist activists. -
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Spanish Civil War
The country was divided into two zones, the Republican zone and the Nacionalist zone.Ther werw three stages:
There was an army from Navarra and another from Africa with different leaders.
The war then moved to Cantabrian coast and then to the Mediterranean, where it ended. -
Bombing of Gernika
The German air force enabled the insurgents to control key industrial amd mining areas. -
End of the Civil War
In the Mediterranean the insurgents intended to divided the Republican zone in two. To prevent this from happening, the Republicans launched an offensive known as tge Battle of the Ebro that led to many casualities on both sides. The insurgents advanced, took Catalonia and endered Madrid with no resistance.
