-
Period: Dec 3, 1533 to
Reign of Ivan the Terrible
When his name, "Ivan Groznyi" the name in traslations goes to "Terrible" but it really means something closer to "Great" and carries connotations of might, power, and strictness and not horror or cruelty. He countless changes in his nataion. He made his nation state to an empire and then into a regional power. He was the first ruler to be crowned as Tsar of All Russia. -
Period: Jul 25, 1554 to
Reign of Philip II
he inherited Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the American colonies. -
Period: Jul 24, 1567 to
Reign of James I
He became King of England and Ireland. He united the Crown of the Kingdom of Scotland with both of his crowns. They were legally separated but where united by King James. He became King of Scots when he was 13 months old! The "Golden Age" happened under James. -
Aug 23, 1572
St. Bartholomew's Day massacre.
Murders on orders of the King of group of Hugeunot leaders including Coligny, the massacres spread throughout Paris. It lasted several weeks. It extended to other urban centres and the countryside. Between 5,000 and 30,000 died in total. -
Period: to
Reign of Henry of Navarre
Also known as Henry IV. He married Margaret of Valois. Which led to a civil wars of France by embracing the Roman Catholic religion. Henry was later assisnated by fanatic named Ravaillac. -
Signing of the Edict of Nantes
It was issued by Henry IV of France. It aimed primarly to promote Civil Unity. It seperated civil from religious unity. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIII of France!
He was king of France and Navarre. He participated in the 30 years war. He died 33 years later after he took power after his daddy, Henry IV. So Louis's son Louis XIV took power. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War!
It is the most destructive conflict in European History. It was mainly in present day Germany. As the result of the war there was the Peace of Westphalia. This was mainly fought because of religious conflict. -
Cardinal Richelieu appointed
Louis XIII appointed the Cardinal who is a strong minister who made up for all of his own weaknesses. The Cardinal became the ruler of France. -
Period: to
Reign of Charles I
He was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland until his execution in 1649. He was in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He also fought in the English Civil War. -
Period: to
Reign of Oliver Cromwell
He was an English military and political leader best known in England for his overthrow of the monarchy. He held several positions during his reign. He was the Lordprotector, a memeber of Parliament for Cambridge and Huntingdon,and was the colonel in the military. -
Period: to
English Civil War
The English Civil War was a series of armed conflicts between the Parliamentarians and the Royalists. There were three wars in total. The Civil War ended with a Parliamentary victory at the Battle of Worcester. -
Period: to
Reign of Louis XIV.
He was the most powerful ruler in French history. He reported that "I am the state." He became ruler at age five. He became known as Sun King. He reigned till his death. And it is one of the longest documented reigns of any European monarch. -
Signing of the Peace of Westphalia
It ended the 30 years war. It was refered to as teh "Peace of Exhaustion." It was not one specific treaty but a collection of treaties linked through the 30 years war. -
Restoration of the English Crown
Began when the English, Scottish, and Irish were restored under Charles II. -
Louis XIV assumes full control of France
When Cardinal Mazarin died. Louis (who is 23 years old) took control of the government himself. He weakened the power of the nobles by exluding them from councils. He increased the power of the government agents called intendants. The local officials communicated regularly with him. -
Period: to
Palace at Versailless
It is a country village. The court of Versailles was teh centre of political power in France. -
Period: to
Reign of Peter the Great
He ruled Russia and the later the Russian Empire. He ruled with his sickly half-brother - Ivan V. He carried out a policy of modernization and expansion that transformed Russia. -
Glorious Revolution
It is also called the Revolution of 1688. The result of this was the replacement of King James II of England by William III and Mary of England. -
English Bill of Rights
It's purpose was to ensure that certain freedoms and a Protestant political supremacy. It was present to the Parliament to William and Mary in March of 1689. It is an act of Parliament. -
Period: to
War of the Spanish Succession
It was mainly fought in Europe, North America, and the West Indies. It was fought between many European powers. As a result of this war there were two treaties. Charles II of Spain is recognized as King of Spain. Spain and Britain sign the Asiento. There was also Territorial changes! -
Period: to
Reign of Frederick the Great
He was the King in Prussia and a King of Prussia from the Hohenzollern dynasty. He was primarily intrested in music and philosophy. He wasn't interested in the arts of war during his youth. -
Period: to
Reign of Maria Theresa
She was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She started her reign after the death of her father, Emperor Charles VI. During her reign she had to deal with the seven years war, Prussia, and among other things as well.
