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1200
INQUISTION
It was a group of institutions within the Catholic Church whose aim was to combat heresy. During the Late Middle Ages and the early Renaissance, the concept and scope of the Inquisition significantly expanded in response to the Protestant Reformation and the Catholic Counter-Reformation. In the 12th century, to counter the spread of Catharism, prosecution of heretics became more frequent. -
1400
Johan Gutenberg
He was a German blacksmith, golsmith, inventor, printer, and publisher. He was the first to make a way to mass produce books. He also created the Gutenberg Bible, a Bible in a common language. -
1415
PERSPECTIVE
Perspective in the graphic arts is an approximate representation, generally on a flat surface of an image as it is seen by the eye. Perspective works by representing the light that passes from a scene through an imaginary rectangle to the viewer's eye, as if a viewer were looking through a window and painting what is seen directly onto the windowpane. Objects are scaled relative to that viewer. An object is often not scaled evenly. -
1439
PRINTING REVOLUTION
It is a mechanical device for applying pressure to an inked surface resting upon a print medium, thereby transferring the ink. The movable-type printing press was invented in South Korea. In Europe, around 1439, goldsmith Johannes Gutenberg independently created a similar system which started a printing revolution lasting until the end of the 20th Century. -
Apr 14, 1452
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was famous painter, but also did sculpting, architecture, math, science, and much more. He made many paintings like the Mona Lisa and The Last Supper. He was also ahead of his time, making blueprints for helicopters and tanks. He was considered the most talented man of his time. -
Oct 28, 1466
Erasmus
He was a Dutch philosopher and christian humanist. He is considered the greatest scholar of the Northern Renaissance. He unified the Greek and Latin traditions of the New Testament. -
Mar 29, 1468
Pope Paul III
He was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 13 October 1534 to his death in 1549. Paul III became the first to take active reform measures in response to Protestantism. Paul issued the bull Sublimus Dei described by Prein (2008) as the "Magna Carta" for the human rights of the indigenous peoples of the Americas in its declaration that "the Indians were human beings and they were not to be robbed of their freedom or possessions". -
Mar 6, 1475
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was a famous sculptor, painter, architect, and poet. He sculpted the famous Pieta and David. He also made hte Sistine Chapel ceiling which took four years. He died in 1564 on February 18. -
Feb 7, 1478
Thomas More
He was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman, and noted Renaissance humanist. He wrote a book called Utopia to describe a perfect world and state that the world then was trash. His early actions against the Protestant Reformation included aiding Wolsey in preventing Lutheran books from being imported into England, spying on and investigating suspected Protestants. -
Apr 6, 1483
Raphael
Raphael was a painter and architect during his living years. He is best known for making The School Of Athens. He could take anyone's art and tunr it into his own version of it. Michelangelo accused Raphael of plagerism for many of years. -
Nov 10, 1483
Martin Luther
He was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, monk, and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. He came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church; in particular, he disputed the view on indulgences. His theology challenged the authority and office of the Pope by teaching that the Bible is the only source of divinely revealed knowledge, and opposed sacerdotalism by considering all baptized Christians to be a holy priesthood. -
Jul 2, 1489
Thomas Cranmer
He was a leader of the English Reformation and Archbishop of Canterbury during the reigns of Henry VIII, Edward VI and, for a short time, Mary I. During Cranmer's tenure as Archbishop of Canterbury, he was responsible for establishing the first doctrinal and liturgical structures of the reformed Church of England. With the assistance of several Continental reformers to whom he gave refuge, he changed doctrine or discipline in areas such as the Eucharist, and clerical celibacy. -
Jun 28, 1491
Henry VIII
Henry is best known for his six marriages, in particular his efforts to have his first marriage (to Catherine of Aragon) annulled. His disagreement with the Pope on the question of such an annulment led Henry to initiate the English Reformation, separating the Church of England from papal authority. He appointed himself the Supreme Head of the Church of England and dissolved convents and monasteries, for which he was excommunicated. -
1543
HELIOCENTRIC THEORY
That the Sun is at rest near the center of the Universe, and that the Earth, spinning on its axis once daily, revolves annually around the Sun. Heliocentrism is the astronomical model in which the Earth and planets revolve around the Sun at the center of the Solar System. Nicolaus Copernicus created such an idea and was burned for it. -
Jan 22, 1561
Francis Bacon
He was an English philosopher and statesman who served as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England. he argued science could be achieved by use of a sceptical and methodical approach whereby scientists aim to avoid misleading themselves.Francis Bacon was a patron of libraries and developed a functional system for the cataloging of books by dividing them into three categories—history, poetry, and philosophy—which would be divided into more specific subjects and subheadings. -
Mar 15, 1564
Galileo
He was an astronomer, physicist and engineer, sometimes described as a polymath from Pisa. Galileo studied speed and velocity, gravity and free fall, the principle of relativity, inertia, projectile motion. His contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the observation of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, the observation of Saturn's rings, and the analysis of sunspots. -
Apr 26, 1564
William Shakespeare
He was an English poet, playwright, and actor, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's greatest dramatist. Shakespeare left few historical traces until he is mentioned as part of the London theatre scene in 1592. Shakespeare died on 23 April 1616, at the age of 52. -
SCIENTIFIC METHOD
A method of procedure that has characterized natural science since the 17th century, consisting in systematic observation, measurement, and experiment, and the formulation, testing, and modification of hypotheses. It involves formulating hypotheses, via induction, based on such observations; experimental and measurement-based testing of deductions drawn from the hypotheses; and refinement (or elimination) of the hypotheses based on the experimental findings. It is still used to this day. -
Isaac Newton
He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian, and author. Newton formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation that formed the dominant scientific viewpoint until it was superseded by the theory of relativity. Newton built the first practical reflecting telescope and developed a sophisticated theory of colour based on the observation that a prism separates white light into the colours of the visible spectrum. -
HUMANISM
It is a philosophical and ethical stance that emphasizes the value and agency of human beings, individually and collectively, and generally prefers critical thinking and evidence over acceptance of dogma or superstition. Humanism refers to a perspective that affirms some notion of human freedom and progress. It views humans as solely responsible for the promotion and development of individuals and emphasizes a concern for man in relation to the world.
